水稻减量化施肥与氨基酸水溶性肥配施效果研究  

Research on Effects of Fertilizing Decreasing with Applying Water-solubility Amino Acid Fertilizer on Rice

作　　者：田雁飞[1] 马友华[1] 褚进华[1] 胡园园[1] 李丁[1] 张取仁[2] 张俅 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学,合肥230036 [2]怀宁县农业技术推广中心,安徽怀宁246121 [3]安庆华辉生物科技有限公司,安徽安庆246121

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第15期34-39,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"主要农区农业面源污染监测预警与氮磷投入阈值研究"(201003014);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"受农业面源污染入湖河流污染控制与生态修复技术及工程示范"(2009ZX07103-002)

摘　　要：开展测土配方施肥基础上的水稻减量化施肥与氨基酸水溶性肥配施的效果试验,探究该条件下水稻施肥减量化的可行性。试验设置4个施肥处理:测土配方施肥、测土配方施肥量减氮10%+氨基酸水溶性肥、测土配方施肥量减氮15%+氨基酸水溶性肥和测土配方施肥量减氮磷钾各10%+氨基酸水溶性肥,研究了不同处理对水稻经济性状、产量和经济效益的影响,评估了对农田生态环境的保护效果。结果表明,不同肥料减量处理对水稻的经济性状影响不同。所有肥料减量处理均不同程度降低水稻株高、每穴分蘖数和结实率,但都提高了每穗实粒数。减氮10%处理提高了水稻千粒重,其他2个肥料减量处理则减少水稻千粒重。减氮10%+氨基酸水溶性肥处理可增产6.73%,节本增收19.77%;减氮15%+氨基酸水溶性肥处理则产量和收入与测土配方施肥处理持平;减氮磷钾各10%+氨基酸水溶性肥处理则显著减少了水稻产量和农民收入。因此,测土配施肥基础上氮肥减量10%或15%,并配合喷施氨基酸水溶肥可达到稳产或增产目的,且环境效益可观。The author investigated the feasibility of fertilizing decreasing with applying water-solubility amino acid fertilizer on rice by a experiment.It had 4 treatments：soil testing and formulated fertilization,decreased 10% nitrogen ＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer,decreased 15% nitrogen ＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer and decreased each 10% of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium ＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer.In the experiment,influences of each treatment on rice＇s economic characters,yield and economic benefit were studied,and the effects on protecting farming ecological environment were also estimated.The results showed that all fertilizing decreasing treatments had decreased rice＇s height,tiller number per point and seed setting rate,while improved the filled grain number per panicle.Compared with soil testing and formulated fertilization,decreased 10% nitrogen ＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer improved thousand seed weight,while other two treatments decreased it.And decreased 10% nitrogen ＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer could increase production 6.73%,saving cost and improving income 19.77%,the yield and income of decreased 10% nitrogen ＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer were closed to soil testing and formulated fertilization,but the decreased each 10% of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium＋ water-solubility amino acid fertilizer treatment could decreased the yield and income outstandingly.Therefore,decreased nitrogen fertilizer＇s amount based on soil testing and formulated fertilization at 10% or 15%,with applying water-solubility amino acid fertilizer,could achieve the aim of maintaining or improving yield,and it also had a considerable environmental benefit.

关 键 词：测土配方施肥 减量化 氨基酸水溶性肥 效果 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] X53[农业科学—农业基础科学]