中国特有产甜蛋白植物马槟榔常规繁育技术研究  

Researches on Conventional Breeding Technology of Capparis masaikai Levl.,a Sweet-protein Producing Plant in China

作　　者：张超[1] 于旭东[2] 顾文亮[2] 朱会军[2] 胡新文[2] 郭建春[3] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺园林学院,海南儋州571737 [2]海南大学农学院,海口570228 [3]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海口571101

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第16期110-115,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"我国特有产甜味蛋白植物资源-马槟榔保护利用的基础研究"(30760025);"马宾灵基因(Mabinlin)体外甜味表达及其结构发生规律研究"(31060123)

摘　　要：研究濒危植物马槟榔的种子繁殖和压条繁殖方法,为其异地保护、繁殖和有效利用建立基础。探索种子预处理方法、存放时间、播种方法以及不同激素、温度、基质等对发芽率的影响,并研究普通压条和高空压条繁育技术。马槟榔种子为中度顽拗性种子,去除果皮后:晒干种子发芽率低;30℃烘干24h种子发芽率为0;阴凉处晾干表面种子发芽率最高,离开母体种子约72天后种子失去活力。其最佳播种方法为:每年的11—12月,用新鲜种子播种,播种基质为红壤土:椰糠=1:1;对种子进行开裂处理和激素处理有助于种子快速萌发并提高发芽率,而以10mg/L GA3的效果最佳,提前至少5天萌发。高于65℃低于100℃的热水处理4h能提高种子的萌发率。高空压条是马槟榔较好的压条繁殖方法。该研究成功探索出了马槟榔较好的常规繁殖方法,可广泛应用于该植物的异地保护和小规模扩繁。The objective is establishing the foundation for Capparis masakai ex-situ protection,propagation and utilization effectively by studying on the methods of seed breeding and layering.The facts of the seed pretreatment,seed storage,seed sowing and the different hormones,hot-water,and substrates on seed germination have been studied.At the same time,the technologies of common layering and air layering were also researched.The results showed that the seeds of Capparis masaikai belong to moderate recalcitrant ones,which lost their activity after about 72 days leaving mother plants.The dry seeds partly lowest or completely lost their activity drying in the sun or by oven,respectively.However,the seeds in nature conditions have high activity.The best sowing method was that the fresh seeds were sown on the substrate （red loam：coconut residuum=1：1） in November or December.The seeds were cracked or pretreated with hormones could improve germination rate,and the best hormone was 10 mg/L GA 3 which made seeds germinate at least 5 days in advance.Seeds soaked into hot-water above 65℃ under 100℃ 4 hours also could increase germinate rate.The better layering method was air layering.The research has found out the better methods for seed and branch propagation of Capparis masaikai,and it is useful for the plant ex-situ protection and small-scale propagation.

关 键 词：马槟榔 种子育苗 发芽率 压条繁殖 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]