银杏叶发育过程的解剖结构观察  

Anatomical Structure Dynamics of Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves during Annual Growth and Development

作　　者：王扬[1] 房荣春[1] 林明明[1] 陆彦[1] 王莉[1,2] 金飚[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国科学院植物研究所光合作用与环境分子生理学重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2011年第5期942-949,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：扬州大学高层次人才科研启动基金(2008-31);江苏省研究生培养创新工程项目资金(苏教研[2009]10号)

摘　　要：利用半薄切片、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术,对不同发育时期的银杏叶片解剖结构变化进行连续观察.结果显示：（1）展叶期叶片无栅栏组织和海绵组织分化,细胞排列紧密;展叶后叶肉分化为栅栏组织1~2层,细胞呈长椭球形,海绵组织发达,细胞呈横向排列的椭球形,并形成通气系统;衰老期部分海绵组织细胞变小,并纵向排列,通气系统发达.（2）除叶基和叶缘外,成熟叶片的维管束直径基本相同,维管束鞘发达.（3）早期叶片上表皮有较多气孔分布,展叶后气孔密度迅速降低;下表皮气孔数量较多,但气孔密度随叶片的成熟逐渐下降.（4）叶绿体类囊体在展叶期结构简单,常含1~2个较大淀粉粒;生长期类囊体结构逐渐完善,淀粉粒较少,无嗜锇滴;衰老期类囊体瓦解,嗜锇滴大量累积.The anatomical structure dynamics of Ginkgo leaves during annual development process were observed continuously by semi-thin section technology,scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results show that,in the leaf-expansion period,there is no distinct differentiation between palisade and spongy tissues,which cells arrange densely.In the leaf growing period,the mature palisade tissue is composed of one or two layers of cells,and the cell shape change gradually to vertically elliptical.The spongy tissue is well developed,which mainly composed of transversely elliptical cells.The aerenchyma is also formed during this period.In the senescence period,some spongy cells become smaller than early,and arrange vertically.In addition,the aerenchyma is regularly and well developed.The diameters of vascular bundles are nearly the same,except for the ones in the margin and the base.Lots of stomata are located in upper epidermis in the prophase,but they decrease rapidly after leaf expansion,whereas a large number of stomata exit in the lower epidermis until falling,and the destiny decreases gradually.The structure of thylakoid in the leaf-expansion period is simple,often containing 1~2 big starch grains.The thylakoid in the growing period is well developed,with few starch grains and no osmiothilic drops.In senescence phase,a large number of osmiothilic drops are accumulated with the disintegration of thylakoid during this period.

关 键 词：银杏叶片 表皮 栅栏组织 海绵组织 异细胞 

分 类 号：Q944.56[生物学—植物学]