不同矿化度咸水造墒对棉花出苗及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Different Salinity Water for Increasing Soil Water before Sowing on Cotton Emergence and Seedling Growth

作　　者：冯棣[1] 孙景生[1] 马俊永[2] 张俊鹏[1] 李科江[2] 郑春莲[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453003 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2011年第3期90-93,120,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家棉花现代产业技术体系建设专项经费项目;“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA3B05)

摘　　要：采用坑栽土培试验和桶栽土培试验,研究了不同矿化度咸水造墒对3种土壤质地(粘壤土、壤土和沙壤土)条件下棉花出苗率和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,矿化度低于3 g/L的微咸水造墒对棉花出苗率及幼苗的生长影响不明显,有时甚至表现为促进作用,但随着造墒水矿化度的进一步增加,棉花的出苗率、出苗时间以及株高、干物质累积等都受到不同程度的抑制作用,当造墒水矿化度高于5 g/L时,影响达到极显著水平;在相同矿化度下,壤土和粘壤土处理的棉苗生长性状优于沙壤土处理;粘壤土棉苗根冠比随着造墒水矿化度增加表现出先增后降的趋势。试验证明,在地上淡水紧缺地区,棉花播前利用地下咸水造墒是可行的,但造墒水的矿化度不宜超过3 g/L。The effect of different salinity water for increasing soil water before sowing on cotton emergence and seedling characters in different soil texture was studied with pit and barrel experiments in the soil.Results showed that irrigating saline water below 3 g/L made no obvious inhibiting effect on cotton seedling growth,partly showed a positive effect.With the further increasing of salinity,the cotton seedling emergence rate,emergence time,plant height,dry matter accumulation,etc were restrained in different degrees.The highly significant effect showed when the mineralization is over 5 g/L.Under the same salinity of irrigation water,the growth traits of cotton seedling in loam soil and clay loam treatments were better than which in sandy loam treatment.The root-shoot ratio of cotton seedling in clay loam soil first increased and then decreased with increasing of irrigation water salinity.The experiment indicated that increasing soil water by using ground saline water before sowing is feasible in the regions that have rare surface fresh water,but the mineralization should be below 3 g/L.

关 键 词：咸水 造墒 棉花 苗期 土壤质地 

分 类 号：S273.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程]