芜湖市1951-2009年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Wuhu City (1951-2009)

作　　者：倪进东[1] 於秀年[2] 钱帮群[2] 程周祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计系,广东东莞523808 [2]安徽省芜湖市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2011年第3期36-39,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨芜湖市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行特征,为完善预防控制措施,有效控制流脑流行提供理论依据。方法对芜湖市1951-2009年流行性脑脊髓膜炎监测报告资料及这期间开展的流脑防治相关资料进行描述分析。结果 1951-2009年,芜湖市流脑发病总体呈下降态势,期间年平均报告发病率为38.24/10万,年平均报告死亡率为2.06/10万,报告病死率为5.38%,发病主要集中在0～10岁年龄段,以散居儿童及学生为主,占68.07%;农村地区发病高于城市;发病呈现明显的季节性,即使在疫苗后时期,疫情仍有周期性波动迹象;2004年后出现C群流脑,2005年由C群流脑引起的发病率达到1.15/10万,发病年龄高峰上移到10～25岁。结论芜湖市流脑发病率呈明显下降趋势,但近年有流行优势菌群变化的可能。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal meningitis in Wuhu city from 1951 to 2009,and provide information for developing timely and appropriate public health intervention.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was done using the data from the National Disease Surveillance System.Results From 1951 to 2009,in Wuhu city,the annual incidence rate of meningococcal meningitis was 38.24 per 100 000 population,the mortality rate was 2.06 per 100 000 population and the case-fatality rate was 5.38%.A decreasing trend in incidence rate was observed.Sporadic children and pupils under 10 years old were the susceptible group.It showed a clear seasonal pattern,with the incidence increasing in winter-spring.Even in the post-vaccine era,the epidemic pattern showed more irregularly.Since spring in 2004,there were cases of meningococcal meningitis caused by serogroup C in Wuhu city,the incidence increased with a shift in the age distribution of patients-from younger to older-age group.Conclusions In Wuhu city,the incidence of meningococcal meningitis has been steadily decreasing since early of the 1980s.However,the number of meningococcal meningitis cases attributed to serogroup C has increased substantially recently,and serogroup C replaced serogroup A as the most predominant serogroup in the area.It suggested that more attention should be paid to the serogroup-distribution,and the surveillance and immunization strategy should be further strengthened and adjusted.

关 键 词：流行病学 流行性脑脊髓膜炎 预防 

分 类 号：R515.2[医药卫生—内科学]