全球大油气田分布特征  

Distribution of Global Giant Oil and Gas Fields

作　　者：贾小乐[1] 何登发[1] 童晓光 王兆明[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国石油天然气勘探开发公司,北京100034 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国石油勘探》2011年第3期1-7,6,共7页China Petroleum Exploration

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项"全球常规油气资源评价研究"(2008E-060903)

摘　　要：通过对全球1021个大油气田的逐个解剖和统计分析,对大油气田的发现年代、油气属性及地理位置、储层地质时代、岩性、埋深、圈闭类型、储量规模、盆地类型等参数进行分析,探讨大油气田分布的主要特征,并应用含油气域的概念,阐述大油气田在全球8个含油气域中的分布特征。研究认为,全球大油田609个,主要分布于中东地区,全球大气田412个,主要分布于东欧、中亚及俄罗斯地区,大油田和大气田最富集的地区为亚洲和大洋洲及中东地区,其次为欧洲地区;全球大油气田发现高峰在1960—1990年,近20年来也陆续有重要的大油气田被发现;大油气田主要富集于中生界,其次为新生界;大油气田的储集岩性主要为砂岩,其次是碳酸盐岩,但在碳酸盐岩储层中油气储量丰度更大;大油气田主要集中在3km埋深以内;圈闭类型主要是构造圈闭。对最终可采储量分析得出,中东地区油气资源储量巨大,同时发现委内瑞拉的奥里诺科重油带的油气资源也极其丰富。大油气田所在的盆地类型主要是Bally分类模式下的Ⅱ类和Ⅰ类盆地,Klemme分类模式下的Ⅱ类盆地,Mann分类模式下的Ⅱ类和Ⅰ类盆地。在8个含油气域中,特提斯含油气域油气资源最为富集。根据大油气田的分布特征,在未来的大油气田勘探中应加强对北极含油气域、重油带、深水区及岩性圈闭的勘探,在这些领域将可能会有重大的突破。Based on one by one anatomical and statistical analysis of 1021 giant oil and gas fields all over the world,this paper analyzes their discovery age,oil and gas properties and geographical location,reservoir geological age,lithology,depth,trap type,scale of reserves,and basin type,sums up their major distribution characteristics,puts forward the concept of petroleum domain,and expounds their distribution in eight petroleum domains all over the world.The study shows that there are 609 giant oilfields all over the world and they concentrate in the Middle East.There are 412 giant gas fields and they concentrate in Eastern Europe,Middle Asia and Russia.Giant oil and gas fields are mostly distributed in Asia,Oceania and Middle East,followed by Europe.The discovery of global giant oil and gas fields peaked from 1960 to 1990,and there are also many giant ones found in following two decades.They mainly occurred in Mesozoic strata,and next is Cenozoic.Oil and gas are rich in sandstone and secondly in carbonate,but the reserves are higher in carbonate reservoirs.Giant oil and gas fields mainly concentrate at a depth within three kilometers,and the trap type is mainly structural.From the analysis of ultimate recoverable reserves,it is concluded that oil and gas resources are rich in the Middle East,and there are huge reserves of oil and gas found in Venezuela's Orinoco Belt.The main types of basins in which giant oil and gas fields lie are Class Ⅱ and Ⅰbasins in accordance with the Bally Basin classification mode,ClassⅡ basins in accordance with the Klemme Basin classification mode,and ClassⅡ and Ⅰ basins in accordance with the Mann Basin classification mode.Tethyan petroliferous domain has the richest oil and gas.According to the distribution of giant oil and gas fields,emphasis should be laid on the exploration in Arctic petroliferous domains,heavy oil belt,deep water area,and lithologic traps in the future,and there would be a great breakthrough.

关 键 词：大油气田 分布特征 含油气域 构造域 全球 

分 类 号：TE14[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]