用于燃料电池的季铵基团的PVA/PAADDA碱性聚合物电解质膜的制备及稳定性  

Preparation and Stability of Quaternary Ammonium Based Solid Alkaline Electrolyte Membrane for Fuel Cells

作　　者：傅婧[1] 乔锦丽[2] 马建新[3] 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237 [2]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [3]同济大学新能源汽车工程中心,上海201804

出　　处：《高等学校化学学报》2011年第7期1598-1604,共7页Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities

基　　金：上海市浦江人才基金(批准号:08PJ14096);上海市自然科学基金(批准号:09ZR1433300);教育部归国留学人员基金[批准号:2009(1001)]资助

摘　　要：通过聚合物交联共混法制备了具有化学交联结构的聚乙烯醇/二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺共聚物(PVA/PAADDA)碱性聚合物电解质膜.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)和交流阻抗等方法考察了PVA/PAADDA膜的分子结构、微观形貌、热稳定性、耐碱稳定性、尺寸稳定性和电导率.红外光谱分析结果表明,PAADDA成功地混入PVA基体中.SEM分析结果表明,当m(PVA)∶m(PAADDA)<1∶1时,膜外观致密,均匀,未观察到明显的微相分离.TGA结果表明,PVA/PAADDA碱性复合膜热分解起始温度为210℃,高于其它季铵基团的碱性聚合物电解质膜(20～90℃).PVA/PAADDA碱性复合膜经高温、高浓度碱溶液(80℃,6 mol/L)处理后,仍表现出很好的耐碱稳定性.由于膜内形成致密的内互交联网络结构,使得PVA/PAADDA膜经60℃水处理300 h后同样表现出优良的尺寸稳定性和电导率稳定性.室温下PVA/PAADDA碱性复合膜的甲醇渗透率为10-7 cm2/s数量级以上,比Nafion 115膜低一个数量级.The solid alkaline electrolyte membranes were succesfully prepared from poly（vinyl alcohol）/poly（acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride）（PVA/PAADDA） by chemical cross-linking.The molecular structure,morphology,thermal stability,alkali resistance stability,dimensional stability and hydroxyl ionic conductivity of the PVA/PAADDA membranes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra（FTIR）,scanning electron microscope（SEM）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） and AC impedance technique.FTIR results indicated that PAADDA was successfully incorporated in the polymer matrix.High dense,uniforme structure was achieved for membrane when m（PVA）/m（PAADDA）1∶1,after that the phase separation of the membrane was observed by SEM.From the TGA,the increasing content of PAADDA into polymer matrics has little effect on the thermal stability and,the good thermal stability around 210 ℃ was obtained.The membranes show perfect alkali resistance stability even conditioned at elevated temperatures and high concentration of KOH（80 ℃,6 mol/L）.Meanwhile,the PVA/PAADDA membrane exhibited good dimensional and conductivity stability towarded water at 60 ℃ after 300 h due to its dense semi-interpenetrating networks in polymer matrics.In addition,the methanol permeability of the PVA/PAADDA membrane was around 10-7 cm2/s,which was one order of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 115 membrane.

关 键 词：碱性聚合物电解质膜 聚乙烯醇 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺共聚物 化学交联 稳定性 甲醇渗透率 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]