稻鸭共作有机稻田蜘蛛多样性与飞虱数量的季节动态  

Seasonal dynamics of spider diversity and rice planthopper abundance in organic farming paddy rice-duck field

作　　者：黄先才[1,2] 周子杨[1,2] 孟玲[1,2] 李保平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院,南京210095 [2]农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,南京农业大学,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第7期1342-1346,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研项目(200803032、201103002);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2008BADA5B06)资助

摘　　要：为探究有机农田害虫治理途径和方法,对华东中晚稻区稻鸭共作有机稻田以及常规对照稻田（根据杀虫剂施用量不同分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ）的蜘蛛和飞虱数量动态进行了连续2年的全季节系统调查。结果显示：蜘蛛由9~10科组成,Shannon多样性指数依次为常规稻田Ⅱ〉常规稻田Ⅰ〉有机田,而Simpson集中优势性指数均为有机田最高;3类稻田蜘蛛个体数量的季节变化动态比较一致,在水稻生长的早期,有机稻田中的蜘蛛个体数量低于常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ,水稻生长的中、后期则相反。有机稻田中飞虱个体数量的季节波动比较大,而常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ中飞虱数量的季节变化不明显;有机稻田飞虱个体数量显著高于常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ,但蜘蛛个体数量差异不显著;有机稻田中蜘蛛个体数量跟随飞虱个体数量变化比较明显,而常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ则不明显。两年的数据表明,蛛虱比的最低值都出现在有机稻田,而整个生育季节的蛛虱比也为有机稻田低于常规稻田Ⅰ和常规稻田Ⅱ。研究结果说明,有机作物种植中害虫治理面临严峻挑战,需要探索切实可行的生态学治理新方法。To explore the approaches and methods of insect pest management in organic farming paddy fields,a two-year investigation was conducted on the quantitative dynamics of spiders and rice planthoppers in organic farming middle-late rice-duck field in East China across rice growth season,with the conventional paddy fields（Ⅰ and Ⅱ,according to the pesticide application rate） as the control.A total of 9-10 families of spiders were recorded for different farming systems.The spider＇s species diversity as measured by Shannon index was in the order of conventional paddy field Ⅱ 〉conventional paddy field Ⅰ 〉organic farming rice-duck field,while the dominance index was the highest in organic farming rice-duck field.The spider＇s abundance in early growth season was lower in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields Ⅰ and Ⅱ,while that in middle and late growth seasons was in reverse.Rice planthopper＇s abundance in organic farming rice-duck field had a greater seasonal fluctuation, compared with that in conventional paddy fields.The abundance of rice planthoppers was greater in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields,but the abundance of spiders had less difference,resulting in a lower spider/rice planthopper ratio in organic farming rice-duck field than in conventional paddy fields across rice growth season.The results suggest that the pest control in organic farming rice-duck field confronts serious challenge,and it is necessary to explore practical and feasible ecology-based management methods.

关 键 词：稻鸭共作 天敌 有机农业 生物防治 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S834S435.11