2010年春季干旱对石林喀斯特植物群落的影响  

Impacts of extreme drought in spring 2010 on karst vegetations in Shilin of Yunnan Province,China

作　　者：俞筱押[1] 李玉辉[2] 黄金[3] 李才库[2] 李纯[2] 段文娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]黔南民族师范学院,贵州都匀558000 [2]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650092 [3]石林风景名胜区管理局,云南石林652211

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第7期1441-1448,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划专项(2009CB426312);国家自然科学基金项目(40762004)资助

摘　　要：研究干旱对退化喀斯特植被影响是治理退化喀斯特生态系统或石漠化的基础。为了解2010年春中国西南特大干旱对喀斯特植被的影响,于2010年5月采用记名计数交叉样线法调查了云南石林3种自然恢复植物群落(滇青冈林、栓皮栎林、灌丛)和5种人工恢复植物群落(云南松林、原土旱冬瓜林、客土旱冬瓜林、圣诞树林、墨西哥柏林)。选用气象要素距平指数分析此次干旱的特征;用受旱率、死亡率分析植物群落和物种的受旱程度;用受旱(死亡+萎蔫)物种数及其植株数、耐旱(存活)物种数及其植株数、群落(受旱+存活)物种数及其植株数计算生物多样性指数来评估极端干旱对生物多样性的影响。结果表明:此次特大干旱具有持续时间长、程度深的特点。8种群落的平均死亡率、受旱率分别是25.1%和30.6%,不同群落的受旱率和死亡率差异较大。极端干旱后,自然恢复群落的更新层仍维持了物种结构;人工恢复群落差异较大,原土旱冬瓜林、云南松林基本未受影响,墨西哥柏林受到一定影响,客土旱冬瓜林、圣诞树林物种结构基本被破坏。极端干旱一定程度上改变了喀斯特植物群落的径级结构和生物多样性,人工恢复群落结构变化大且耐旱性总体上弱于自然恢复植物群落。因此,退化喀斯特生态系统的植被恢复必须选择合理的物种和恢复方式。Studies on the impacts of extreme drought on karst plant communities are the basis for the management of degraded karst ecosystem.In order to understand the impacts of extreme drought event happened in Southwest China in spring 2010 on the karst vegetations,an investigation by the method of counting individual numbers of each plant species was conducted in May 2010 to analyze the structure of three natural karst plant communities（Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides forest,Quercus variabilis forest,and karst shrubs） and five artificially restored plant communities（Pinus yunnanensis forest,Alnus nepalensis forest on natural soil,A.nepalensis forest on covered new soil,Acacia dealbata forest,and Cupressus lusitanica forest） in the Shilin karst region of Yunnan.The feature of the extreme drought event was analyzed by the deviation indices of meteorological elements;the drought-suffered degree of the karst plant communities and species was analyzed by drought-suffering rate and mortality;and the impacts of the extreme drought on the karst plant cmmunities were evaluated by the biodiversity indices calculated with the dead and withered species number and individuals number,alive species number and individuals number,and alive but suffered species number and individuals number.This extreme drought event began in autumn 2009 and ended in June 2010,with the characteristics of long-lasting and deep level.The average mortality rate and drougt-suffering rate of the eight plant communities were 25.1% and 30.6%,respectively,and differed greatly with the plant communities.After the extreme drought,the naturally-restored plant communities still maintained their original species structure in regenerated layers,while the artificially restored plant communities had greater differences.The P.yunnanensis forest and the A.nepalensis forest on natural soil were less affected,the A.nepalensis forest on covered new soil and the A.dealbata forest basically lost their original species strucutre and size classs structure,and the C.lusitanica

关 键 词：极端干旱 自然干扰 生态恢复 群落结构 植物物种多样性 喀斯特生态系统 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]