包气带土层的反硝化强度测定方法研究  

Study on the Method of Measuring Denitrification Strength of Vadose Zone Soil

作　　者：张云[1] 张胜[1] 刘长礼[1] 宋超[1] 王秀艳[1] 彭玉荣[1] 王俊坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北正定050803

出　　处：《地球与环境》2011年第2期263-272,共10页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家基本科研业务费项目"包气带剖面有机质驱动生物反硝化脱氮研究"项目(sk07017)和"安全开采地下水的临界深度研究"项目(sk01006)资助

摘　　要：包气带土层的反硝化作用影响因素复杂,目前尚无较好的反硝化强度测定方法。本文经比较,选择以"地中渗透土层加底物消失平衡法"为参照,改进为向构建的田间渗透箱(柱)原状土层施入一定的硝态氮液态肥料,并配合同步测试土壤的有机氮矿化量、微生物固持无机氮量以及氨挥发量、作物吸收氮值等,再与土层的硝态氮净输入量、本底量、末期量及铵氮变化量值一道进行均衡计算,而求解土层反硝化强度值的测定方法(简称"改进平衡法"),对不同土质、厚度、土壤有机质消耗量、土壤水势下的渗透箱土层或土柱,进行了反硝化强度测定的探索研究。结果显示,上述不同厚度、有机质消耗量、土壤水势下的野外渗透箱土层和砂土、亚粘土土柱,分别产生了8.07～16.54 mg.m-3和6.23、26.4 mg.m-3间不等的硝态氮清除量,比用参照方法测定的7.29～11.42 mg.m-3和5.38、18.1 mg.m-3间的清除量皆有一定提高,这主要缘于改进方法补充反映了土壤有机氮矿化量等的影响所致。表明它已基本消除了原参照方法中的主要不足,既能揭示土壤中的反硝化作用现象,又可较全面反映环境因子对土壤反硝化强度测定的复杂影响。适用于包气带土层防护地下水污染的反硝化强度测定与研究,将为农田淋洗氮素污染地下水的防护与治理提供服务。The impact factor of denitrification of vadose zone soil is complex.Currently there is no good method to be applied directly to measuring the denitrification strength.After comparing a variety of relevant methods,this paper chose ＂to increase the permeability of soil substrate disappearance balance method ＂ as a guide and tried to use the way of applying a certain nitrate liquid manure to the situ permeability soil box of the field,with the simultaneous test of soil organic nitrogen mineralization,microbial retention of inorganic nitrogen,and ammonia volatilization,crop uptake of nitrogen value,etc.and then with the soil net nitrate input,background value,final value and changes in value of ammonia nitrogen involved in calculating equilibrium,solving the value of soil denitrification（＂improvement balance method ＂for short）,so as to make a study on the determination of strength of denitrification for different soil quality,thickness,soil organic matter consumption,permeability soil box or soil column under soil water potential.The results showed that different thickness,soil organic matter consumption,permeability soil box and sandy soil or mild clay column under soil water potential as mentioned above produced a range of 8.07～16.54 mg.m-3 and 6.23 ～ 26.4 mg·m-3 of NO3-N removal,compared with the original method of determination of a range of 7.29～11.42 mg·m-3 and 5.38 ～ 18.1 mg.m-3＇s removal to a certain extent increased.This is mainly due to the improved method reflecting complementally the effect of soil organic nitrogen mineralization.It eliminated some deficiencies in the original method,and not only revealed the soil denitrification phenomenon,but also described a more comprehensive picture of environmental factors on soil denitrification consequences.The method is more suitable for protection against the vadose zone soil contamination of groundwater denitrification measured,so as to provide services for agricultural pollution control and protection of groundwater caused by nitrogen l

关 键 词：地下水污染防护 包气带土层 反硝化强度测定 田间渗透箱土层 

分 类 号：O652[理学—分析化学]