山东北部沿海风随离岸距离的变化规律  

Wind Speed Variation with the Distance from the Coast of Northern Shandong

作　　者：董旭光[1] 张秀芝[2] 刘焕彬[1] 邱粲[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省气候中心,济南250031 [2]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第7期1317-1324,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项:"复杂地形风能预报技术研究"(编号:GYHY201006035)

摘　　要：为了揭示沿海风随离岸距离的变化规律,利用中尺度数值模式系统MM5和CALMET气象风场模块对山东省沿海的风场特征进行了一整年的数值模拟,根据实际测风站点的地理位置和气候特征,选取出了鲁北、烟台两个风速剖面,利用ARCGIS分析软件对这两个风速剖面上的风场模拟结果进行了年均、海风和陆风以及一次寒潮天气过程下的风场变化特征分析。分析结果表明:距海岸线10km左右的海上和距海岸线20～30km的陆上之间的区域内,沿海上向内陆方向风速急剧衰减,距海岸线20～30km的陆上和距海岸线10km左右的海上之间的区域外,风速的衰减逐渐缓慢并达到稳定,不同地形和不同高度上风速衰减比率和衰减范围明显不同。Offshore wind speed of coastal areas in Shandong Province were assessed by numerical simulation with high resolution from a dynamical downscaling method in the present work,with the objective to reveal wind speed variation with the distance from the coast.The widely-used mesoscale numerical model system MM5 and CALMET meteorological wind field module in combination with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and surface/high weather observation data were jointly used to study wind speed variation with high spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km.The simulated period was from June 2009 to May 2010 and the integration time was 36 hours of daily simulation.Meanwhile,statistical analysis was 24 hours after the model output.Wind data of the same period at automatic weather stations and wind towers in coastal,sea,and island were used to analyze the 10 m and 70 m height relative error between numerical simulations and observations.Comparative analysis results show that the dynamical downscaling method could be used to better simulate the characteristics of the near surface wind field and the simulation results could be used to analyze the regional wind field features.The northern Shandong and Yantai wind speed profiles were studied based on the location of wind measurement sites and climate characteristics.Then,two wind speed profile＇s annual average,off-shore wind,and on-shore wind,and a cold wave process wind speed variation were analyzed.Results show that the mean wind speed of the Northern Shandong and Yantai wind speed profile attenuated significantly from the sea to the inland between sea from 10 km distance to the coast and inland from a 20～30 km distance to the coast.The wind speed gradually stabilized in addition to these areas.The wind speed variation with the distance from the coast was more significant at near the ground.The wind speed peaked at sea from the 10 km distance to the coast,where the wind speed decreased greatly towards inland direction and it did not change obviously towards the sea direction.Land wind speed wa

关 键 词：风速衰减 数值模拟 风速剖面 自动站 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]