不同溶媒配制破伤风抗毒素皮试液对皮试结果的影响  

Effect of different solvents on skin test results of tetanus antitoxin prepared

作　　者：施雪雁[1] 范爱飞[2] 龚海琴[2] 彭丽萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳医院营养科深圳,518036 [2]北京大学深圳医院操作治疗区,518036

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2011年第17期2086-2087,共2页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的观察2种不同溶媒配制破伤风抗毒素（TAT）皮试液对皮试结果的影响。方法将因外伤需要注射TAT的患者237例随机分为甲组117例和乙组120例，分别使用注射用水配制的TAT皮试液和生理盐水配制的TAT皮试液做皮肤过敏试验，观察两组患者的皮试结果，对比两组皮试结果阳性率以及患者自感疼痛度的高低。结果甲组患者皮试结果阳性率明显高于乙组，差异具有统计学意义（34．19％比17．50％，X^2=8．631，P〈O．01），且患者自感疼痛度也高于乙组。甲组皮试结果阳性的患者（40例）在改用生理盐水配制的TAT皮试液做皮试后，17例（42．50％）患者皮试结果转为阴性。结论用注射用水配制的TAT皮试液做皮肤试验，可出现较高的假阳性率，建议采用生理盐水配制TAT皮试液，以减少假阳性率的出现，从而减少不必要的脱敏注射，减轻患者痛苦，提高护士工作效率。Objective To observe skin test results of tetanus antitoxin prepared by different solvents. Methods Patients who needed injecting tetanus antitoxin as required by trauma were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, respectively. Group A was administered with tetanus antitoxin prepared by water for injection, while Group B with tetanus antitoxin prepared by saline. Skin test results were observed, the incidence of positive skin test results and self-inductance of pain intensity were compared. Results The incidence of positive skin test results in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B （34. 19% vs 17.50% ,X^2 =8. 631 ,P 〈0.01 ） , and the self-inductance of pain intensity were also greater than that in Group B. Patients with positive skin test results （40 patients ） in Group A, were later injected tetanus antitoxin prepared by saline, 42.50% of them （ 17 patients） shown negative skin test results. Conclusions There might be a high false positive rate by using tetanus antitoxin prepared by water for injection; therefore tetanus antitoxin prepared by saline is recommended, for it could decrease the false positive rate, reduce unnecessary desensitization iniections, alleviate oatients＇ oain and imnrova nurses＇ work efficiency.

关 键 词：破伤风抗毒素(TAT) 皮试液 皮肤过敏试验 注射用水 生理盐水 

分 类 号：R472[医药卫生—护理学]