Chemical composition of PM_(2.5) during winter in Tianjin,China  

作　　者：Jinxia Gu Zhipeng Bai Weifang Li Liping Wu Aixia Liu Haiyan Dong Yiyang Xie 

机构地区：[1]Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction, Tianjin 300384, China [2]State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban AmbientAir Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering. Nankai University, Tianjin 300071. China [3]Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Instruments. Tianjin 300074, China [4]Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Tianjin 300191, China

出　　处：《Particuology》2011年第3期215-221,共7页颗粒学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20677030);Tianjin Science and Technology Development Commission (Grant No. 06YFSYSF02900)

摘　　要：PM2.5 samples for 24h were collected during winter in Tianjin, China. The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined. Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatography, while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reflectance （TOR） method, and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 μg/m^3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 μg/m^3. The elevated PM2.5 in winter was mostly attributed to combustion sources such as vehicle exhaust, heating, cooking and industrial emissions, low wind speeds and high relative humidity （RH）, which were favorable for pollutant accumulation and formation of secondary pollutants. By chemical mass balance, it was estimated that about 89.1% of the PM2.5 mass concentrations were explained by carbonaceous species, secondary particles, crustal matters, sea salt and trace elements. Organic material was the largest contributor, accounting for about 32.7% of the total PM2.5 mass concentrations. SO4^2-, NO3^-, Cl^- and NH4^＋ were four major ions, accounting for 16.6%, 11.5%, 4.7% and 6,0%, respectively, of the total mass of PM2.5.PM2.5 samples for 24h were collected during winter in Tianjin, China. The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined. Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatography, while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reflectance （TOR） method, and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 μg/m^3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 μg/m^3. The elevated PM2.5 in winter was mostly attributed to combustion sources such as vehicle exhaust, heating, cooking and industrial emissions, low wind speeds and high relative humidity （RH）, which were favorable for pollutant accumulation and formation of secondary pollutants. By chemical mass balance, it was estimated that about 89.1% of the PM2.5 mass concentrations were explained by carbonaceous species, secondary particles, crustal matters, sea salt and trace elements. Organic material was the largest contributor, accounting for about 32.7% of the total PM2.5 mass concentrations. SO4^2-, NO3^-, Cl^- and NH4^＋ were four major ions, accounting for 16.6%, 11.5%, 4.7% and 6,0%, respectively, of the total mass of PM2.5.

关 键 词：PM2.5 Water-soluble ions Organic carbon （OC） Elemental carbon （EC） Crustal matter 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X144