一种不对称阴离子Gemini表面活性剂的合成及表面活性研究  

Study on the Synthesis and Surface Activity of an Asymmetric Anionic Gemini Surfactant

作　　者：解艳娇 严峰[1] 陈明姝[1] 葛婧捷[1] 王明霞[1] 李建新[1] 赵濉[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境与化学工程学院,天津300160 [2]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100090

出　　处：《精细化工》2011年第7期659-662,706,共5页Fine Chemicals

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2008ZX05000-011)~~

摘　　要：以α-溴代十四酸乙酯和4-癸基苯酚为原料,经Williamson醚化、磺化及皂化反应制备了一种不对称阴离子Gemini表面活性剂α-(4-癸基-2-磺基)-苯氧基十四酸钠,简写为C12CO2Na-p-C10SO3Na,考察了醚化反应条件,并用FTIR和1HNMR表征了中间体及目标产物结构。结果表明,醚化反应的最佳条件为:以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和甲苯作溶剂,无水K2CO3作缚酸剂,物料比n(α-溴代十四酸乙酯)∶n(4-癸基苯酚)=1.05∶1,回流反应3 h,醚化产物收率为77.2%(以4-癸基苯酚计)。采用吊片法测定了目标产物的表面活性,其表面张力最低可降至26 mN/m左右,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为3.28×10-6mol/L,比相应常规单链表面活性剂十四烷酸钠和间癸基苯磺酸钠的CMC低3个数量级,体现出Gemini表面活性剂优异的表面活性。An asymmetric Gemini surfactant sodium α-（4-decyl-2-sulfo）-phenoxyl-myristate,comprising two nonidentical hydrocarbon chain lengths and two different anionic hydrophilic groups,abbreviated as C12CO2Na-p-C10SO3Na,has been synthesized through Williamson etherification,sulfonation and saponification,using ethyl 2-bromomyristate and 4-decylphenol as the starting material.The structures of the main intermediate products and the title product were characterized by means of FTIR and 1HNMR.The optimum conditions for etherification were n（ethyl 2-bromomyristate）∶n（4-decylphenol）=1.05∶1,K2CO3 as acid binding agent,DMF and toluene as solvent,and refluxing for 3 h.The yield of ethyl-（4-decyl） phenoxytetradecanoate was 77.2%（basing on 4-decylphenol）.The surface activity of C12CO2Na-p-C10SO3Na was measured by Wilhelmy method.The surface tension could decrease to a minimum of about 26 mN/m,and the critical micelle concentration（CMC） was found to be 3.28×10-6 mol/L.The CMC value was nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding traditional surfactants,such as sodium myristate and sodium m-decylbenzene sulfonate.The results indicate that the asymmetric anionic Gemini surfactant is of high surface activity.

关 键 词：不对称阴离子Gemini表面活性剂α-(4-癸基-2-磺基)-苯氧基十四酸钠 表面张力 临界胶束浓度 

分 类 号：TQ423.4[化学工程]