渭北旱塬不同施肥方案对富士苹果生长、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Regime on Growth,Yield and Quality of Fuji Apple in Weibei Highland

作　　者：杜志辉[1] 樊红科[1] 吕周锋 吴岱彦 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌721000 [2]陕西赛众生物科技有限公司,陕西渭南714000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2011年第5期121-125,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业技术体系专项(nycytx-08-01-03);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD01A1704-8);陕西省"13115"科技创新工程(2008ZDGC-01)

摘　　要：探讨不同施肥方案对渭北旱塬苹果生长、产量和果实品质的影响,为红富士苹果的优质生产提供理论依据。以16a生红富士苹果为试材,研究不同施肥方案对盛果期富士苹果生长、产量和品质的效应。结果表明,不同施肥方案均能显著提高叶片质量,促进新梢生长,提高树体光合速率,其中处理Ⅲ(鲁北BB肥1kg/株+赛众28肥2.5kg/株)、处理Ⅳ(鲁北BB肥1kg/株+EM菌肥20kg/株)和处理Ⅴ(鲁北BB肥1kg/株+留老根肥2.5kg/株)的光合速率分别比对照提高11.84%、14.69%和11.75%。各施肥处理也明显提高单株产量,其中处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅳ与对照相比均有显著性差异,且处理Ⅲ的株产达到39.72kg,已达到丰产的要求。品质方面,与对照相比各施肥处理均能明显提高单果质量,果实硬度和可溶性糖含量也有不同程度提高。综合分析,在自然降水和无灌溉条件下,采取处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅳ的施肥方案效果较好。In order to provide the theoretical foundation for the high quality of apple production in Weibei plateau,different fertilizer regimes were used to explore effect on growth,yield and quality of 16 years old Fuji apples in full-fruit period.The results showed that fertilizer application in different treatments obviously improved the leaf quality,hastened stem growth and enhanced net photosynthetic rate.Especially the Pn in treatment Ⅲ（1 kg/plant Lubei BB fertilizer＋2.5 kg/plant Saizhong 28 fertilizer）,Ⅳ（1 kg/plant Lubei BB fertilizer＋20 kg/plant EM bacterial fertilizer）and Ⅴ（1 kg/plant Lubei BB fertilizer＋2.5 kg/plant Liulaogen fertilizer）were increased by 11.84%,14.69% and 11.75% compared to the CK respectively.At the same time,different treatments could obviously improve the production of individuals,and treatment Ⅲ and Ⅳ had significant differences compared to the CK,especially treatment Ⅲ yielded 39.72 kg per plant.At the quality aspect,each treatment could improve the weight of single fruit and the rigidity significantly,and the contents of soluble sugar were also improved at different magnitudes.To analysis comprehensively,the treatment Ⅲ and treatment Ⅳ as the moderate model of fertilizer regime should be used in Fuji apple orchard in Weibei Highland.

关 键 词：渭北旱塬 红富士苹果 施肥 生长 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]