刑事政策视野中的犯罪构成模式改革  

Reformation of the Modes of Crime Constitution from the Perspective of Criminal Policy

作　　者：柳忠卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第4期46-54,共9页Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：山东大学2009年自主创新基金项目"刑事政策与刑法关系研究"的前期成果之一

摘　　要：犯罪构成模式是立法者根据不同的危害行为而规定的犯罪成立类型。根据法益侵害的有无、法益侵害的程度、法益侵害的范围和法益侵害的状态,可以把犯罪构成模式分为即成式犯罪构成模式、纵深式犯罪构成模式、多维式犯罪构成模式和企行式犯罪构成模式。犯罪构成模式不仅影响和决定犯罪圈的大小和刑事法网的严密程度,而且彰显着不同的刑事政策价值取向,表明国家对不同行为的刑事政策态度。从犯罪构成模式的刑事政策功能的角度看,中国现行刑事立法中的犯罪构成模式主要存在以下问题:犯罪构成标准过高导致犯罪圈狭小;法益保护滞后致使刑法的犯罪预防功能减弱;犯罪构成模式设置不当致使刑事法网"厉而不严"。基于刑事政策的目的性,中国犯罪构成模式改革的方向应当是:对侵害重大法益的犯罪设置即成式或者企行式犯罪构成模式;对常见多发犯罪设置多维式犯罪构成模式;逐渐减少纵深式犯罪构成模式的数量。The mode of crime constitution is the crime categorization prescribed by the legislative authorities in ac- cordance with different hazardous behavior. According to the presence/absence or the severity or the scope of the infringement of legal interests, the modes of crime constitution can be divided into four categories ： factual modes of crime constitution, in-depth modes of crime constitution, multi-dimensional modes of crime constitution and the at- tempted modes of crime constitution. The modes of crime constitution not only impact on the prevalence of crime and the intensity of criminal justice, but also highlight the different value orientations of criminal policies as well as show the state＇ s criminal policy inclinations towards various behaviors. From the perspective of criminal policy, there exist several problems with the current modes of crime constitution in China. First, the standard of crime con- stitution is so high that it narrows down the crime ring. Second, the insufficient and lagged protection of the legal interests has weakened the crime prevention. Third, the improper setup of the modes of crime constitution leads to the slackness of criminal justice. According to the goals of criminal policy, reform should be carried out in the fol- lowing aspects. First, factual and attempted modes of crime constitution should be introduced to attack major crimes. Second, multi -dimensional modes of crime constitution should be used to tackle common and recurring offences. In addition, the quantity of in-depth modes of crime constitution should be gradually reduced.

关 键 词：刑事政策 犯罪构成模式 法益 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]