施肥方式和施氮量对棉花地上部分干物质积累、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Modes and Nitrogen Amount on Dry Matter Accumulation of Shoot,Yield and Quality of Cotton

作　　者：邓忠[1,2] 白丹[1] 翟国亮[2] 冯俊杰[2] 赵红书[3] 韩启彪[2] 张文正[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水电学院,陕西西安710048 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453003 [3]中国水电顾问集团贵阳勘测设计研究院,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《华北农学报》2011年第3期224-230,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD38B04);国家自然科学基金项目(50879089)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了在2种滴灌施肥方式下3个施氮水平对膜下滴灌棉花干物质积累、产量和品质的影响效应。结果表明:各处理棉花干物质积累量与出苗后天数关系均符合Logistic方程,呈现"S"型曲线增长趋势。开花到盛铃期是干物质积累的高峰期,在此时期干物质积累量占全生育期地上部总积累量的60%左右,是棉花生产的关键时期。施肥方式和施氮量显著影响棉花干物质积累量,进而影响棉花干物质积累的增长速率和最佳时期。NPK肥全部随水滴施(施肥方式F1)易造成棉株中后期旺长,衰老快,干物质积累量不高。基施PK肥加滴施N肥(施肥方式F2),棉株生长健壮,干物质积累提早进入关键期且持续期长,干物质积累量大。施肥方式与施氮量均影响棉花产量与品质。施肥方式F2平均产量较施肥方式F1增产4.1%,棉纤维断裂比强度较F1显著增加。在施氮量为300kg/hm2时(处理2和处理5)棉株茎直径粗,能保持适宜的株高,有效地提高单株铃数、单铃重和产量,并且棉纤维成熟度好,强度大,衣分率高。This paper,through experiment in farmland,studied the influence of two kinds of fertilization modes and three nitrogen amounts on the dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of cotton by drip irrigation under mulch.The results indicated that the change of dry matter accumulation of cotton accordance with the Logistic equation and appeared ＂S＂ curve.The peak period of dry matter accumulation is flowering to full boll stage,it is also the crucial stage of cotton cultivation,in which the dry matter accumulation comes to about 60% of it in whole growing stage.Fertilization modes and N amount notably effect cotton dry matter accumulation,and further influence dry matter accumulation rate and the optimum stage.The method of dripping N,P,K follow water（F1）easy to cause cotton vigorous growth at middle late growing stages but aged quickly,and dry matter accumulation is not high.Cotton plant growing healthy and the crucial period advanced under he way of P,K base application add dripping N follow water（F2）,it has a long duration period and higher dry matter accumulation.Fertilization modes and the nitrogen amount are all influence cotton yield and quality.The specific breaking strength of cotton fiber of F2 notably improved and the average yield increased 4.1% compared to F1.Cotton plant stem diameter thick and height suitable under the amount of N is 300 kg/ha（treatment 2 and treatment 5）,boll number per plant and single boll weight were increased effectively,so yield is promoted.Also,cotton fiber has a good grade of maturity and strength,lint button percent is higher.

关 键 词：施肥方式 施氮量 干物质积累 棉花产量和品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S143.1