沿淮地区高温热害分布特征及其对水稻产量的影响  

Distribution Characteristics of High Temperature Damage and Its Influence on the Rice Yield in the Area along Huaihe River

作　　者：冯德花[1] 蒋跃林[1] 杨太明[2] 陈金华[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省气象科研所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第16期9680-9682,9716,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106027);国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B06)

摘　　要：[目的]研究沿淮地区高温热害分布特征及其对水稻产量的影响。[方法]选取沿淮10个站1965~2009年气象资料和1967~2006年安徽一季中稻产量资料,分析沿淮夏季高温天气发生特征和高温热害强度;在前人提出的水稻高温热害指标的基础上,以沿淮地区水稻典型种植区域长丰县为代表,结合历史产量资料对长丰高温热害产量灾损率风险进行分析。[结果]沿淮高温天气发生频繁,高温热害自西向东呈＂N＂字形走向,位于沿淮中部的淮南、蚌埠高温天气发生频次较多,与皖南山区毗邻的霍邱、寿县较少,发生时段多集中于梅雨过后的7月中下旬~8月上旬,此时正值一季中稻孕穗抽穗开花期,对水稻产量影响明显。沿淮长丰县一季中稻产量随着高温热害持续时间的增加灾损率不断加大,但其发生概率减小,高温热害灾损率频发的强度等级主要集中在I级和Ⅱ级。水稻生殖生长阶段高温热害持续时间越长,灾害损失率越大,但其相应发生的概率较小,反之亦然。[结论]该研究为高温灾害风险评估提供参考。[Objective] The research aimed to study the distribution characteristics of high temperature damage and its influence on the rice yield in the area along Huaihe River.[Method] By selecting the meteorological data of 10 stations in the area along Huaihe River during 1965-2009 and Anhui single season middle rice yield data during 1967-2006,the occurrence characteristic of high temperature weather and the intensity of high temperature damage in summer in the area along Huaihe River were analyzed.Based on the previous high temperature damage index of rice,Changfeng County where was the typical rice planting area in the area along Huaihe River as the representation,the yield damage loss rate risk of high temperature damage in Changfeng was analyzed by combining with the historical yield data.[Result] The high temperature weather in the area along Huaihe River frequently happened.The high temperature damage presented ＂N＂ shape trend from west to east.The occurrence frequency of high temperature weather in Huainan and Bengbu where are in the middle area along Huaihe River is more.The occurrence frequency of high temperature in Huoqiu and Shouxian where are near the south mountain area of Anhui is less.The occurrence time mainly focused from the middle and last ten-day of July to early August after Meiyu when was the booting,heading and flowering periods of single season middle rice.The influence on the rice yield was obvious.The damage loss rate of single season middle rice yield in Changfeng County along Huaihe River continued increasing as the increase of high temperature damage duration.But the occurrence probability decreased.The intensity grade of frequency occurrence of high temperature damage loss rate mainly concentrated in Grade I and II.The longer the high temperature damage duration in the reproductive growth stage of rice was,the bigger the damage loss rate was.But the corresponding occurrence probability was small,and vice versa.[Conclusion] The research provided the reference for assessing the high tem

关 键 词：高温热害 分布特征 水稻 灾损率 沿淮地区 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]