2008年贵州罕见凝冻灾害的成因分析与防御对策  

Formation Reason Analysis and Defense Countermeasure of Rare Frozen Disaster in Guizhou in 2008

作　　者：黄天福 刘鹏 袁辉 康安娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省六盘水市气象台,贵州六盘水553001 [2]六盘水师范学院图书馆,贵州水城553004

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第16期9873-9876,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]探讨2008年贵州低温雨雪冰冻灾害天气事件的成因。[方法]利用T213、ECMWF数值预报资料和MICAPS提供的常规气象观测资料,根据冻雨、冰冻、道路结冰、地表0℃线范围的变化情况,对2008年1月13日~2月15日贵州低温雨雪冰冻（简称凝冻）天气过程的天气形势演变特征进行分析,探讨此次贵州低温雨雪冰冻灾害天气事件的成因,并对其提出了防御对策。[结果]这次低温雨雪冰冻天气过程是在大气环流异常的背景下,各种尺度天气系统在贵州上空交汇造成了持续性降水发生的。北半球东亚倒Ω流型使大气环流长时间稳定,使北支锋区偏南,极地冷空气持续补充南下影响江南、华南,南支西风波动活跃,静止锋锋区强度大,并长时间维持;低空850 hPa切变线在广西与贵州、湖南交界处维持摆动,西南暖湿气流持续向我国南方输送,冷暖空气在华南上空交汇,导致贵州出现长时间的降水;逆温层深厚,长时间的降水普遍以小雨为主,容易形成过冷水滴,雨淞范围从贵州、湖南南扩至广西北部,冻雨、冰冻天气造成长时间的道路封冻和电线结冰,灾情严重;地表温度0℃线长时间覆盖全省高寒山区,地面结冰难以融化,低温雨雪冰冻天气长时间影响贵州。[结论]该研究为该类灾害天气的防灾减灾积累经验。[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the formation reason of cold rain and snow frozen disaster weather event in Guizhou in 2008.[Method] By using T213,ECMWF numerical forecast data and the conventional meteorological observation data which were provided by MICAPS,according to the variation situations of frozen rain,freezing,road freezing and ground surface 0 ℃ line range,the weather situation evolution characteristic of cold rain and snow frozen weather process（congeal for short） in Guizhou from January 13 to February 15,2008 was analyzed.The formation reason of cold rain and snow frozen disaster weather event in Guizhou was discussed,and the defense countermeasure was put forward.[Result] The cold rain and snow frozen weather process happened when the continuous precipitation was caused by that every scale weather system intersected over Guizhou under the background that the atmospheric circulation was abnormal.East Asian inverted Ω flow type in the northern hemisphere made that the atmospheric circulation stabilized for a long time.The north branch frontal zone was by south,and the polar cold air continued to add and went south to affect Jiangnan,South China.The south branch westerly fluctuation was active,and the intensity of stationary front frontal zone was big,which maintained for a long time.850 hPa shear line in the low level maintained swaying in the junction of Guangxi and Guizhou,Hunan.The southwest warm and wet airflow continued transporting to the south of China.The cold and warm air intersected over South China,which caused the long-time precipitation in Guizhou.The thermal inversion layer was deep and thick.The long-time precipitation was based generally on the light rain,which was easy to form the supercooled water droplet.The verglas range expanded from Guizhou,the south of Hunan to the north of Guangxi.The frozen rain and frozen weather caused the long-time road and wire freezing,and the disaster was serious.The ground surface temperature 0 ℃ line covered the cold mountain area in

关 键 词：凝冻灾害 成因分析 灾害防御 贵州 

分 类 号：S42[农业科学—植物保护]