科技词汇“实验”与“试验”的历史考证及词义辨析  

A Lexical Analysis and Historical Research on Technical Terms:"实验" and "试验"

作　　者：李硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海电机学院外国语学院

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2011年第3期38-40,共3页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

摘　　要：“实验”和“试验”的不同词义，常使人难以理解，辞书解释也多不一致。以历史上水工模型试验的引进为例，通过分析它们在我国的使用情况及相应中外语言表达和释义，并根据联合国教科文组织用词的统一要求，本文提出科技词汇“实验”和“试验”虽有相近的表征，却有本质的区别。通过“实验”可以发现和论证“新知”，探索自然界的规律、验证已有知识、创立科学理论；通过“试验”可以发明和创造合乎要求的“新品”，探索理论应用的条件、途径和方法。二者处在从实践到认识和从认识到实践的不同认识阶段，不容混淆。The fact that the Chinese technical words ：实验 and 试验 hold quite different meanings often makes people fed confused. Explicit explanations can not be found in diclinnaries. Taking the introduction of hydraulic medel study in China＇s history as an example, the author conducts some textual researches on their actual usage, corresponding expressions, lexical interpretations and UNESCO＇s proposals on the consistency of the wording of the constitutional and statutory texts, Superficially, 实验 and 试验 have something in common; however, they have essential differences. 实验 is to explore the law of nature, discover and prove new products that contribute to the deedopment of new scientific theory, while 试验 is to testify and determine the quality of the new products, and investigate the conditions, methods and measures of their theoretical application.

关 键 词：实验 试验 词义辨析 历史 考证 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]