种子败育型无核葡萄胚发育及败育的细胞学研究  

Cytological Study on Embryo Development and Abortion in Stenospermocarpic Grapes

作　　者：潘学军[1,2] 李顺雨[1,2] 张文娥[2] 刘崇怀[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,河南郑州450009

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2011年第3期1060-1064,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金(黔科合J字2006-2043);贵州省果树学科科技创新人才团队建设项目[黔科合人才团队(2008)88007];贵州省果树工程技术研究中心建设项目[黔科合农G字(2007)4001]

摘　　要：以种子败育型葡萄火星无核、康能无核为试材,系统研究其胚发育及败育的细胞学进程,分析胚乳败育与胚败育的关系。结果表明,种子败育型无核葡萄与有核葡萄的胚均能发育到球形胚阶段,但不同品种发育到该阶段的时间不同,火星无核在花后28~37 d处于球形胚阶段,康能无核在花后31~40 d,有核葡萄白香蕉的球形胚阶段是花后28~40 d,随后无核葡萄的胚逐渐败育,而有核葡萄的胚历经心形胚和鱼雷形胚阶段,最后发育成熟。种子败育型葡萄胚乳败育均早于胚败育,可能是胚败育的直接原因。火星无核、康能无核胚挽救适宜取材时期分别在花后34 d和花后40 d。Stenospermocarpic grapes ＇Mars Seedless＇ and ＇Centennial Seedless＇ were taken as materials to study the processes of embryo development and abortion and analyze the relation between embryo abortion and endosperm abortion.The results showed that embryoes of both stenospermocarpic grapes and seeded grapes can develop to globular embryo stage.But the time developed to this stage varied among different cultivars.The ＇Mars Seedless＇ was from 28 days to 37 days after florescence and the time of ＇Centennial Seedless＇ was between 31 days and 40 days.While the seeded grapes ＇White Banana＇ was from 28 days to 40 days after florescence.Afterward the former embryo became abortion gradually,but the embryoes of seeded grapes continued to develop into hearted embryo and torpedo embryo,and developed to mature embryo at last.The endosperm abortion of stenospermocarpic grapes was earlier than their embryo abortion.So the endosperm abortion maybe the direct reason that lead to embryo abortion of stenospermocarpic grapes.According to these results,the optimal stages of ＇Centennial Seedless＇ and ＇Mars Seedless＇ used to embryo rescue were respectively 34 d and 40 d after florescence.

关 键 词：种子败育型葡萄 胚败育 胚乳败育 细胞学 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]