南京极值温度长期变化及其与平均温度的关系  

Long-term change of extreme temperature and its relationship with average temperature in Nanjing

作　　者：闫少锋[1] 张金池[1] 张波[1] 王永平 俞红 闵俊杰[1] 张增信[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京市气象局,江苏南京210008 [3]南京市江宁区气象局,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2011年第3期33-39,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项基金"典型森林植被对水资源形成过程的调控研究";中国气象局北京城市气象科学研究所开放基金(UMRF200802);南京市气象局开放课题(NJ200802)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1951—2009年南京日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温等资料,分析了南京日最高气温和最低气温的长期演变趋势及其与平均温度的关系。结果表明:近60 a来,南京年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈变暖趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤为明显;日最高气温,除夏季表现为降温趋势外,其他季节均为升温趋势;而四季平均气温和平均最低气温均为增温趋势;夏季气温日较差下降趋势明显,导致夏季昼夜温差减小;极端高温、低温的发生日数均呈下降趋势。极端气温与平均气温之间存在明显的相关性,且极端低温对平均气温影响更为明显。Based on the daily average temperature,the daily maximum and minimum temperatures in Nanjing from 1951 to 2009,the trends of the daily extreme temperatures and the relationship with average temperature were analyzed.The results indicate that the mean annual temperature,the mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures are all in the increasing trends,especially in 1990s.The daily maximum temperature is in a decreasing trend in summer,and in an increasing trend in the other seasons.The mean air temperature and the mean minimum air temperature in different seasons are in the increasing trends.The difference of the daily air temperature in summer decreases obviously,which reduces the difference of air temperature between daytime and nighttime.The numbers of extreme high temperature and low temperature days show decreasing trends.The extreme air temperatures are significantly correlated to the mean air temperature,especially the minimum air temperature.

关 键 词：气温变化 平均气温 极端气温 阈值 南京 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]