人胚肾脏组织发生发育的形态学研究  

Study on the development of human embryo kidney tissue morphology

作　　者：贾书花[1] 王炯[2] 张旭东[1] 王谊荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]长治医学院组织胚胎学教研室,山西长治046000 [2]长治医学院附属和济医院妇产科

出　　处：《解剖学研究》2011年第3期205-207,共3页Anatomy Research

基　　金：长治医学院基金项目(200406)

摘　　要：目的深入对肾脏组织学结构和功能的认识,并为丰富肾脏的组织学内容提供资料。方法收集附属医院药流或引产的4～38周人胚肾组织,进行石蜡切片,用HE染色,对不同阶段人体胚胎肾脏组织结构观察。结果①胚胎6周,中肾移至胚体下段,中肾中可见肾小体和肾小管样结构;中肾尾端可见后肾,后肾的皮质部可见逗号样小体和S小管,无髓质结构,髓质部位为间充质。②胚8周左右,髓旁肾小体出现,肾小管短,结构不能分辨,髓质部仍主要为间充质。③随胚龄的增加,胚胎第12周左右,肾已从由盆腔移至腰部,肾小体数量增多体积增大,髓旁肾单位的各段肾小管可分辨,髓质出现少量近直小管、远直小管和细段,以及集合小管,小管间为大量的间质;胚胎37～38周,已无新的肾小体产生。结论①人的肾小体形成经过4个阶段:即逗号期小体(Ⅰ期)、S小体期(Ⅱ期)、较成熟小体期(Ⅲ期)和成熟小体期(Ⅳ期)。②胚胎12周左右,髓旁肾单位形成,肾脏可进行泌尿的功能活动。③胚胎36周肾小体数量基本不再增加,保持稳定。Objective Thoroughly understand the kidney organizational structure and function,and provide the information of rich its histology content. Methods Collect the affiliated hospital of medical abortion or induced abortion to 4-38 weeks, and observe the paraffin sections stained with HE for different stages of human embryo kidney organizational structure. Results （1）The embryo 6th week, mesonephros go to the lower embryo, the renal corpuscles and tubular-like structure can be seen in the mesonephros ; the metanephros can be seen after the end of the mesonephros, kidney cortex can be seen after the comma and S-like tubular bodies, have no medullary structure, parts of the medulla sites of mesenehymal. （2）Embryo 8 weeks , the renal corpuscle appears next to medulla, but the short tubular structure can not distinguish, medulla continues to be mainly mesenchymal. （~）With the increase of embryo age, embryo 12 weeks, the kidney has moved from the waist to renal pelvis , increase in the number of renal corpuscle volume increased renal medullary units adjacent tubular sections can be resolved, a small amount of medullary tubules nearly straight, far straight tubule and thin section, and a collection of small tubes, a large number of tubulo interstitial appear in the medullary. Embryo 37-38 weeks, have no new generation of renal corpuscles. Conclusion （1）Human renal formation after 4 stages： Comma of the bodies （ I period）, S bodies of （ II period）, more mature bodies of （Ill period） and mature bodies of （1W period）. （2）Embryo of 12weeks or so, the renal medullary unit form, kidney function can be urinary activity. （3） Embryonic basic kidney corpuscle 36 weeks did not increase and kept stable.

关 键 词：肾脏 组织结构 发生发育 人体胚胎 

分 类 号：R692[医药卫生—泌尿科学]