合作博弈隐含连通性假设述评  

Reviews on Connectivity Assumption of Cooperative Games

作　　者：应思思[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学媒体管理学院,北京100024

出　　处：《中国传媒大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第2期14-21,共8页Journal of Communication University of China：Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"资助(NCET-060191)

摘　　要：信息革命蔓延至经济领域之后,经济活动和经济行为效率都越来越依赖于经济主体之间的各种经济关系网络。本文从经济系统连通性的视角对合作博弈理论隐含的连通性假设做简单述评。在连通性视角下,博弈局中人的策略互动就是他们之间连通性质的直接反映。为了保证合作博弈联盟层次的存在和稳定,合作博弈研究还根据需要对博弈系统的其他连通性进行合理假设。相关策略对局中人策略集做出假定,意味着所有可形成联盟的成员之间都存在策略的协调连通性,以此强调联盟中存在具有约束力的协议。合作博弈联盟型框架常常同时采用可转让效用(transferable utility,简称TU)和附加支付(side payment,简称SP)假设,以构建符合要求的效用理论。TU和SP假设意味着在原有局中人得益空间基础上并上一个"货币-效用流通"空间。与之相关的大量文献充分证明连通性结构会对经济系统产生重要影响。超可加性意味着超可加博弈中任何不相交联盟进行联合行动的价值至少与他们各自行动的价值一样大,因此可以解释为对经济整体运转有效的假设。Economic activities and economic efficiency depends on various economical networks after informational revolution had spread to economic area.This paper reviews the assumptions about connectivity made by researches of cooperative games,from the point of view of connectivity of economic systems.From the view of connectivity,strategic interactivity between players reflects the nature of connectivity between them directly.Researches of cooperative games always take some rational specific assumptions to make sure of existence and stability of cooperative coalitions.Correlated strategies make assumptions on strategic sets of players,which imply that there is strategic connectivity among all the coalitions.TU（transferable utility） and SP（side payment） conditions are used by coalitional cooperative games to structure suitable utility theory for analysis.TU and SP structure a ＂money-utility connectivity＂space besides the original utility space on the set of players.Many correlated literatures proved sufficiently that connectivity structure will change the economic systems at some important aspects.Super-additives signify that the value of combination of two disjoint coalitions is never less than the sum of values they act independently in any super additive game.Thus super-additives may be represented that the society is act efficiently as a whole,in which the concept of efficiency is coincide to the concept of systemic economy in the economic systems.

关 键 词：合作博弈 联盟 相关策略 可转让效用 超可加性 连通性 

分 类 号：F224.32[经济管理—国民经济]