无刷直流电机反电势自适应滑模观测  

Adaptive Sliding-mode Observer for Back Electromotive Force Estimation of Brushless DC Motror

作　　者：郭鸿浩[1] 周波[1] 左广杰[1] 唐国芬[1] 许恩利[1] 

机构地区：[1]航空电源航空科技重点实验室(南京航空航天大学),江苏省南京市210016

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2011年第21期142-149,共8页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：江苏省创新学者攀登计划(BK2009019);江苏省"六大人才高峰"高层次人才项目~~

摘　　要：采用转矩环取代传统的电流环,可减小非理想反电势无刷直流电机(brushless DC motor,BLDCM)的转矩脉动,提高其控制性能,而转矩环中反馈转矩计算的关键在于绕组反电势的准确获取。建立考虑参数偏差的滑模观测器(sliding-mode observer,SMO)对反电势进行实时观测,定量分析了定子电阻偏差对观测结果的影响,分析表明反电势观测的稳态误差等于电阻偏差量与电流的乘积。为消除这一影响,利用李雅普诺夫(Lyapunov)稳定性理论,设计了定子电阻参数辨识的自适应率,在线辨识得到的电阻参数用于调整SMO的系数矩阵,构成了新型的自适应滑模观测器。最后,利用RT-LAB实时控制器进行实验,验证了上述分析结果的正确性,证明了所提方法能够正确快速地观测无刷直流电机反电势。The torque ripple of brushless DC motor （BLDCM） with un-ideal back electromotive force （EMF） waveforms could be attenuated by replacing the conventional current loop with torque loop, thus a better performance could be obtained. Further, the key issue of feedback torque calculation in torque loop was the estimation of back EMF. So a sliding-mode observer （SMO） was employed to estimate the back EMF in real time where the parameter deviation was considered. Then the influences of stator resistance deviation on observation results were quantitatively analyzed and the analysis results show the steady state error of observed back EMF was equal to the product of current and resistance deviation value. To eliminate this effect, an adaptive law of parameter identification for stator resistance was designed based on Lyapunov stability theory and the online identification result was used to regulate the coefficient matrix of SMO. Combining with the resistance estimator, a novel adaptive sliding-mode observer was constructed. Experimental results, using RT-LAB real time controller implementation, verify the validity of the analysis results and prove that the back EMF of BLDC can be correctly observed by the proposed method.

关 键 词：无刷直流电机 反电势 参数辨识:滑模观测器 自适应状态观测器 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]