新疆早实核桃主栽品种光合特性  

Study on Photosynthesis Characteristic of the Leading Varieties of Early Fruit Walnut in Xinjiang

作　　者：姚跃[1] 潘存德[1] 胡安鸿 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]乌什县林业局,新疆乌什843400

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第6期981-987,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD36B03);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(200731136-2)

摘　　要：【目的】通过对新疆自主选育的5个早实核桃品种光合特性的分析，旨在为新疆早实核桃优良品种的选育和科学栽培与管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用TPS-2便携式光合仪和调制式OS-30P荧光仪同步测定供试核桃品种的光合生理参数和PSⅡ最大光能转化效率。【结果】供试核桃品种光补偿点介于1202180μmoL／（m2·s），光饱和点介于580—1290μmol／（m2·s）；在高温、高光照、低空气湿度条件下，净光合速率日变化均表现为先上升后下降的趋势，净光合速率于10：00达到最大值，之后随光合有效光量子密度增强开始下降，12：30左右降低至零以下，14：00降至最低值，14：00以后净光合速率呈现稳中有升的趋势，但持续为负值。【结论】新疆早实核桃主栽品种利用强光的能力相对较弱，利用弱光的能力也不强。在高温、高光照、低空气湿度条件下，光抑制是导致其10：00之后净光合速率下降的主要原因。[ Objective]The purpose of the research was to provide theoretical basis for the selective breeding of early fruit walnut eultivars and scientific cultivation and management in Xinjiang through the analysis of photosynthetic characteristics of the five leading varieties of early fruit walnut which came from selective breeding by early scientists in Xinjiang. [ Method ] Portable photosynthetic instrument, TPS - 2, and pulse - amplitude modulation fluorometer, OS- 30P, were used to synchronously measure the photosynthetic physiological parameters and the maximal efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSII in the leaves. [ Result] Of the five walnut cultivars, the light compensation point was between 120 and 180 μmol/（m2·s）, and the light saturation point was between 580 and 1 290μmol/（m2·s）. Under the condition of high air temperature, high illumination intensity and low air humidity, the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate increased first, which reached the maximum at 10： 00 a. m. and then decreased with the increase of photosynthetic photon flux density （PPFD）. The net photosynthetic rate decreased to below zero at about 12：30 noon, reached the minimum at 14：00 p. m. and then progressively increased after 14：00 but lasted for negative value. [ Conclusion] The ability of using strong light was relatively weak, and the ability of using weak light was not very strong either for the leading varieties of walnut fruit cuhivars in Xinjiang. Under the condition of high air temperature, high illumination intensity and low air humidity, photoinhibition was the main reason for decreasing the net photosynthetic rate after 10：00 a.m.

关 键 词：早实核桃 净光合速率 光抑制 新疆 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]