不同施氮水平对棉铃空间分布及产量的影响  

Study on Effect of Different Nitrogen Levels on Spatial Distribution of Cotton Bolls and Cotton Yield

作　　者：王娇[1] 江振[1] 徐文修[1] 项伟[1] 郝建强[1] 孙健伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第6期1078-1082,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部行业项目"现代农作制构建及配套技术研究与示范"(201103001);农业部行业科研专项(nyhyzx07-005)

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究不同施氮水平对陆地棉棉铃空间分布及产量的影响,明确该地区的最佳氮肥施用量。【方法】采用纯氮单因子随机区组设计,设5个施氮处理,进行田间小区试验。【结果】5个处理中N3处理的棉铃空间分布结构最优,上部果枝的结铃数和单铃重,比未施氮肥的N1处理分别增加了35.08%和17.44%,比施氮水平高的N5处理分别提高了5.25%和3.06%;外围单铃重分别比施氮水平最低和施氮水平最高的提高了3.24%和3.64%。此外,施肥处理均比未施肥处理的籽棉和皮棉产量有所提高,中等施氮量的N3增产幅度最大,达到13.01%;高施氮量的N5增产幅度最小,达到5.86%。【结论】中等施肥量有利于优化棉铃空间分布结构,是棉田获得高产的基础。由棉花产量和施氮量建立的氮肥效益方程获得棉花最高产量的施氮肥量为332.4 kg/hm2,经济施氮量为290.1 kg/hm2,其相对应的最高产量为5 210.4 kg/hm2和经济产量为5 200.5 kg/hm2。[ Objective] This paper intends to make sure the optimal nitrogen usage in our area through the study of the effect of different nitrogen levels on spatial distribution of cotton bolls and yield of cotton. [Method]5 levels Nitrogen application were set up by applying the pure nitrogen factor of randomized block designs, and then field biotope experiment was carried out. [ Result]Structure of space distribution for bolls is the most optimal for N3 treatment, meanwhile, boll number of upper branch and weight per doll could be increased by 35.08% and 17.44% respectively compared with N1 treatment without nitrogen application, and by 5.25% and 3.06% respectively compared with N5 with higher nitrogen usage ; Moreover, weight per outer bolls can be raised by 3.24 % and 3.64 % respectively compared with lower and higher nitrogen application. In addition, yield of seed cotton and ginned cotton with fertilizer usage is higher than that without fertilizer. The yield increase is the highest under N3 （mediate nitrogen application）, reaching up to 13.01% ; yield increase of N5 （higher nitrogen application）, is the lowest, coming only up to 5.86%. [ Conclusion] Mediate fertilizer level can optimize the structure of space distribution for bolls and improve its yield. According to revenue formula established with cotton yield and nitrogen usage amount, the amount for the highest yield （5 210.4 kg/hm2） is 332.4 kg/hm2, and for economical yield （5 200.5 kg/hm2） is 290.1 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：棉花 施氮量 棉铃空间分布 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]