新疆伊犁河谷地区葡萄园生草对有机红地球葡萄主要病虫害的影响  

The Control Effect of the Main Grape Diseases by Intercropping Forage Grass in Organic Viticulture in Ili Valley of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

作　　者：姬浩[1] 陈勇 秦玉川[1] 潘鹏亮[1] 马彦永 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学昆虫系,北京100193 [2]伊犁州农业技术推广总站,新疆伊宁835000 [3]霍城县科技局,新疆霍城835200

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第6期1089-1097,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"绿色-有机农产品生产与保鲜储运关键技术开发与示范"(2007BAC15B05)

摘　　要：【目的】新疆伊犁河谷地区是我国红地球葡萄的主要产区之一。探讨伊犁河谷地区葡萄园生草对有机红地球葡萄主要病虫害的影响。【方法】2008—2010年，在有机葡萄园设置了4种处理：有机-清耕、有机-苜蓿、有机-白三叶和常规防治对照，田间调查伊犁地区有机红地球葡萄的主要病虫害发生情况，评估葡萄行间生草对其主要病虫害发生的影响。【结果】在伊犁河谷地区红地球葡萄园发生的主要病虫害是葡萄霜霉病、葡萄褐斑病和葡萄毛毡病。葡萄园人工生草可改善果园的生态条件，在高温干旱年份，这三种病害发生极轻，不用防治（2008年）；在当年4—6月降雨相对较少，葡萄霜霉病和褐斑病发生较轻的年份（2009年），在有机葡萄行间种植紫花苜蓿或白三叶对这些病虫害有一定的控制作用；而在当年4-6月降水相对较多，发病较重的年份（2010年）则会加重病情。对于葡萄毛毡病，尽管两年的发病情况有所差异，分析表明有机葡萄行间种植紫花苜蓿和白三叶对控制该病发生有一定的效果。【结论】在有机葡萄生产中应该趋利避害，综合考虑分析有机葡萄园生草对病虫害的防控作用。[ Objective] Ili Valley is one of the major areas in Xinjiang that produces ＂red- global＂ grape. The purpose of this study is to research the relationship between intercropping forage grass in organic viticulture and the occurrence of the main diseases. [Method] During 2008 -2010, four treatments were established： they were organic- clean cultivation, organic - intercropping alfalfa, organic - intercropping white clover and chemical control. The main diseases from each treatment were investigated at a 7 d interval and the data were analyzed at last. [ Result]The result showed that the main diseases in viticulture are grape downy mildew, grape brown spot and grape erineum mite. Intercropping alfalfa or white clover in viticulture could improve the ecological condition. The diseases were not epidemic in a dry and hot year （2008）. The intercropping could control the grape brown spot and grape downy mildew under the condition of a relative low precipitation from April to June （in 2009） ; but the state of the diseases from intereropping would become more serious in a rainy climate from April to June （in 2010）. Despite the seriousness of the diseases in different years, the intercropping alfalfa could give a stable control over grape erineum mite. [ Conclusion] An integrated analysis for the advantages and disadvantages of the green cover on its roles in IPM in organic viticulture should be taken into account.

关 键 词：有机葡萄 行间生草 葡萄病虫害 综合防治 环境因子 

分 类 号：S436.631[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]