四大网球公开赛女子单打优秀运动员技、战术特征的比较研究  

The Comparative Study on Tactical Characteristics of Excellent Women's Single Tennis Players in the Four Grand Slam Courts

作　　者：卜宏波[1] 谭明义[1] 王新刚[1] 金敏 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学体育科学学院,江苏南京210046 [2]安庆市第11中学,安徽安庆246003

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2011年第4期62-68,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：运用统计分析、文献资料调研等方法,揭示世界女子网球单打优秀运动员在以4大网球公开赛为代表的不同类型场地技、战术的特征表现,阐述各类型网球场地对运动员技、战术运用的影响与要求,同时,结合当前优秀运动员技、战术的特征与发展趋势进行总结。研究表明:1)发球方面,4大赛场女子单打优秀运动员的发球稳定性趋向共性,一发得分率、二发得分率是取胜的关键因素,且二发能力是适应各类型赛场竞技的普遍性技能,温网、法网发球威胁性与美网和澳网相比较突出,且温网一发有效性最高,澳网、法网、美网之间差异表现不显著;2)接发球方面,美网女子单打优秀运动员接发球优势较突出,温网、澳网的接发球相对被动;3)技、战术运用方面,4大赛场女子单打优秀运动员的主动进攻意识较强,制胜球、上网成功率是4大赛场取胜的关键因素,且上网能力是适应各种类型赛场竞技的普遍性技能。另外,优秀女子单打运动员在温网和法网赛场能以较小的失误获得更多的主动得分,澳网和美网则技、战术运用的稳定性较差,得分率较低。This paper tries to reveal the main Influence and requirements that excellent women＇s single tennis players using the tactics in the different types venues（e.g.Australia,France,Wimbledon,US Open） by the methods of technical statistics and literature,etc.then summarizes several conclusions though combining with the feature and the development trend of current outstanding women＇s single players.The result shows that 1） In serving,the stability of women＇s single tennis players tend to similarity,winning % on 1st serve and winning % on 2nd serve are the key to success factors and second serve ability is the universality skills that adapt to various types competitive,compared with Australia and US Open,the serve threatening in Wimbledon and France is more significant,and the effectiveness in Wimbledon is highest,the difference was not significant among others;2） In reserving,US Open＇s tennis has significant advantage,Wimbledon and Australia are passive;3） Top eight tennis player have stronger consciousness of offensive attack in four tennis open,and compare with Australian and Roland,the Wimbledon player have the highest efficiency on initiative scores,the stability of the tactics used is more critical in Australian,Winners（Including service） and net approaches are the key to success factors and net approaches is the universality skills that adapt to various types competitive,in addition,player can gain more initiative scores with a small mistake in Wimbledon and France,and have poor stability and low efficiency of scoring in Australian and US Open＇s tennis.

关 键 词：网球运动 女子 单打 技术 战术 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]