从高放废液中去除锕系元素的TRPO流程发展三十年  

Overview of 30 Years Research on TRPO Process for Actinides Partitioning from High Level Liquid Waste

作　　者：陈靖[1] 王建晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第7期1366-1371,共6页Progress in Chemistry

摘　　要：放射性废物,尤其是高放废物的妥善处理处置是各国政府和民众非常重视的一个问题,也是影响核能可持续发展的关键因素之一。高放废液是后处理Purex流程排放出来的废液,它集中了乏燃料中95%以上的放射性,其中α放射性核素的存在决定了需要将其处置在地质处置库中与生物圈隔离10万年以上。"分离-嬗变"方法处理高放废液可以有效缩减地质处置库与生物圈隔离的时限。TRPO具有良好的物性、辐照稳定性和对三价、四价和六价锕系元素良好的萃取选择性。基于此,我国提出了从高放废液中分离锕系元素的TRPO流程。多次热验证实验和中间规模冷台架实验结果证明TRPO流程处理我国生产堆高放废液,可完全实现高放废液的非α化。TRPO流程具有我国自主知识产权,在我国生产堆高放废液和动力堆高放废液处理中都具有良好的应有前景。Safe treatment and disposal of radioactive waste,especially high level waste,are attracting much attention from governments of many countries and the public and becoming one of key factors affecting the sustainable development of nuclear energy.High level liquid waste（HLLW） is the raffinate from Purex process and contains more than 95% radioactivity of spent fuel.HLLW must be vitrified and disposed in the geological repository which should be isolated from biosphere for more than 100 000 years because of the α activity.＂Partitioning-transmutation＂ method for the treatment of HLLW can effectively reduce the isolation period of geological repository from biosphere.TRPO with good physico-chemical properties and irradiation stability has excellent extraction selectivity to tri-,tetra-and hexa-valent actinides.TRPO process for actinides removal from HLLW has been invented in China.Several times hot tests and the pilot test demonstrated that the HLLW could be conditioned into non-α waste after treatment by TRPO process.TRPO with self-owned intellectual property rights has a bright future in the treatment of defense HLLW and civil HLLW.

关 键 词：高放废液 TRPO 流程 锕系元素 分离 

分 类 号：O614.35[理学—无机化学] TL941.19[理学—化学]