典型超分子体系在放射化学领域的应用  

Applications of Typical Supramolecular Systems in the Field of Radiochemistry

作　　者：沈兴海[1] 张京晶[1] 高嵩[1] 付素珍[1] 孙涛祥[1] 付婧[1] 张红娟[1] 陈庆德[1] 高宏成[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院放射化学与辐射化学重点学科实验室北京分子科学国家实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第7期1386-1399,共14页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.20871009);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：本文主要通过评述两类超分子体系和离子印迹聚合物对重要金属离子的分离研究,阐明超分子化学在放射化学领域的重要应用。第一类超分子体系所含的主体分子有冠醚、杯芳烃、杯芳冠醚等大环化合物。第二类超分子体系主要有反胶束、微乳液和液膜。离子印迹聚合物通过超分子的识别功能实现对离子的选择性分离,而在液膜分离技术中,超分子的输运功能得到了很好的诠释。本文还对超分子化学在放射化学领域的应用前景作了分析展望。Supramolecular chemistry is defined as ＂chemistry beyond the molecule＂,bearing on the organized entities of higher complexity that result from the association of two or more chemical species held together by intermolecular forces.Now,the applications of supramolecular chemistry in the realm of radiochemistry have attracted much attention.In this article,the separation of important metal ions by two kinds of supramolecular systems and ionic imprinted polymers（IIP） is discussed,which demonstrates the significant roles of supramolecular systems in the field of radiochemistry.Meanwhile,the first type is supermolecules resulted from the intermolecular association of a host molecule and its substrates,where the host molecules are mainly macrocyclic compounds（such as crown ethers,calixarene,calix crown ethers and so on）.The second type is supramolecular assemblies induced by the spontaneous association of a large undefined number of components into a specific phase,including reversed micelles,microemulsions and liquid membranes.IIPs can recognize and separate metal ions selectively,which realizes the recognition function of supramolecular chemistry.The transport function of supramolecular chemistry is also well interpreted in the separation of metal ions by liquid membrane.Besides,the perspectives of supramolecular chemistry in the field of radiochemistry are also presented.

关 键 词：超分子化学 放射化学 金属离子分离 大环化合物 离子印迹 

分 类 号：O615[理学—无机化学] O641.3[理学—化学]