辐射技术在环境保护中的应用  

Application of Radiation Technology in Environmental Protection

作　　者：吴明红[1] 刘宁[1] 徐刚[1] 卜葶葶[1] 何雅琴[1] 王亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学射线应用研究所,上海200444

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第7期1547-1557,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.40973073;40830744;410973073;11025526)资助

摘　　要：由于高能电子束和γ射线本身具有的特性,其辐射技术在环境保护领域具有巨大的应用潜力。本文介绍了国内外利用辐射技术在废水、废气和固体废物("三废")处理中的研究和应用,涉及印染废水、造纸废水、硝基苯胺类物质、卤系阻燃剂类物质、环境内分泌干扰物和藻毒素的处理,燃煤尾气脱硫脱硝以及挥发性有机物、污泥等的处理研究,并对辐射处理各种有机污染物的机理进行了探索和分析。表明辐射技术是处理"三废"的一种十分有效的方法。同时,讨论了辐射技术在环境处理应用中的有限性,并对该技术的研究和发展方向进行了展望。The progress in the investigation of radiation technology applied in the environmental protection is reviewed.Radiation technology including electron beam and γ-ray irradiation has great potential in the field of environmental protection due to its special characteristics.The investigations and applications of radiation technology in the treatment of wastewater,waste gas and solid waste are introduced in this paper,including the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater,papermill wastewater,nitroanilines,halogenated flame retardants,endocrine disrupting chemicals,algal toxin,volatile organic contaminants and sludge etc.,and the removing of SOx and NOx in coal-fired and automobile exhausts.The degradation efficiency of these organic pollutants by electron beam or γ-ray radiolytic degradation is discussed in various conditions,such as different initial concentrations,irradiation doses,pH values,solvents,radiolysis systems and the addition of H2O2 etc.Besides,the radiolysis products of certain pollutants are listed and radiolytic degradation mechanisms of these organic pollutants are illustrated.These results demonstrate that radiation technology is an effective method to degrade the organic contaminants,especially the persistent organic pollutants,OH and e-aq play significant roles in the radiolysis of organic pollutants.In addition,the limitations and the future tends of radiation technology applied in the environmental protection are also discussed.

关 键 词：辐射技术 废水处理 废气处理 固体废物处理 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用] X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]