大庆油田石油开采对土壤线虫群落的影响  

Effectof oil exploitation on soil nematode communities in Daqing Oilfield

作　　者：肖能文[1] 谢德燕[1] 王学霞[1] 闫春红[1] 胡理乐[1] 李俊生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第13期3736-3744,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2008BAC43B01;2008BAC43B02);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项资助(2009ZX07207-002)

摘　　要：选择大庆油田环境一致的6口油井,研究石油开采干扰对土壤线虫的影响。共鉴定出土壤线虫18科30属。其中食细菌线虫最多,共15属占总数的49.2%,其次为植物寄生线虫共9属,占30.6%,食真菌线虫4属,占17.6%,杂食/捕食线虫2属,占2.6%。其中优势类群为丝尾垫刃属Filenchus和头叶属Cephalobus,占总数的42.5%。土壤的线虫生活史策略以c-p 2所占比例最大,其次是c-p 3和c-p 1类群,受油井开采作业等影响,线虫通过大量繁殖来应对环境的干扰与压力。所有油井线虫总数比对照明显减少(P<0.001),但不同油井线虫总数和群落结构差异不显著(P>0.05)。各油井线虫富集指数和结构指数均小于50,表明所有油井线虫受干扰程度较高,土壤食物网趋于退化。随着距油井口采样距离增加,线虫总量差异不显著,但线虫群落的物种数量增加,优势度指数和多样性指数逐渐增加。结果表明油井开采对土壤线虫群落有一定的影响,开采距离对线虫群落结构影响较大。The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oil exploitation on soil nematode communities.Six oil wells（N46°39′30″—46°41′0″;E124°53′30″—124°58′30″） were selected in the Daqing Oilfield,away from villages and in a homogeneous environment.The main vegetation is reeds and low grass with coverage of 75%—90%.Soil samples were collected in triplicate at distances of 0,3,6,10 and 30 m from the wellhead and in three directions of radiation.The nematodes in each soil sample were isolated and identified to genus level under an optical microscope.Thirty genera from 18 families of soil nematodes were identified,which included 15 genera of bacterivores,9 genera of herbivores,4 genera of fungivores,and 2 genera of omnivore-predator nematodes.Dominant groups were Filenchus and Cephalobus which were 42.5% of the total.Common groups included 13 genera,representing 51.7% of the total.Rare groups included 15 genera,representing 6.34% of the total.The largest proportion of nematodes（71.8% of the total） belonged to the life history strategy c-p 2 guild with lesser proportions of c-p 3 and c-p 1 guilds.The smallest proportion of nematodes was of the c-p 4 guild,representing only about 4% of the total,and c-p 5 guild was not present.Nematodes around the oil well were mostly of the r-strategists,which indicate their relative resistance to environmental stress.Thus,nematodes adapted to the interference and stress of oil exploitation by increased reproduction.Total numbers of nematodes in the soils around the different wells were not significantly different（P0.05） but were significantly lower than the control（P0.001）.Numbers of herbivores and fungivores between the different wells were not significantly different（P0.05）.Significantly larger（P0.05） numbers of bacterivores were found in oil well II.The enrichment and structure indexes of nematode communities in all oil wells were less than 50,showing that the degree of interference of each well was high and the soil food-web in the s

关 键 词：大庆油田 石油开采 土壤线虫 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]