喀纳斯景区景观格局动态分析  

Analysis of Landscape Pattern Changes in Kanas Scenic Area

作　　者：郑伟[1,2] 范燕敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第18期11142-11147,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30560124);新疆草地资源与生态自治区重点实验室开放课题(XJDX0209-2008-04)

摘　　要：基于多时段遥感影像,探讨了近13年来喀纳斯景区景观格局的演变。利用遥感与地理信息系统相结合的方法,选取喀纳斯景区1992、2000和2005年3个时期的TM/中巴数据,在实地调查的基础上,采用景观格局指数方法分析了景区的景观空间格局特征和变化情况。结果表明:喀纳斯景区的景观格局在过去的13年内未发生较大的变化,景观多样性处于较高水平,林地、灌丛草地和与阳坡草原的面积有所增加,但增幅均较小;建设用地有较大幅度的增加,2005年比1992年增加了5倍多,总增加面积与中山草甸减少面积相当;高山草甸和高山冻原与石生植被的破碎度指数与斑块数呈减小趋势,建设用地、中山草甸和阳坡草原则呈增加趋势,其他景观类型变化不大。基于马尔柯夫模型的景观格局动态模拟表明,景区景观格局变化可分为2个时期:1992～2000年和2000～2005年:1992～2000年,景区景观格局的驱动力主要是自然因素;2000～2005年,人类干扰对景观格局的影响力逐渐增大。Based on the muhi-time remote sensing image,the evolution of landscape pattern in Kanas scenic area during the recent 13 years was discussed. By integrating Remote Sensing （RS） and Geographic Information System （GIS）, and selecting the TM/CMB images of Kanas scenic area in 1992,2000 and 2005, the landscape metrics combined with gradient analysis were employed to analyze the landscape pattern features and changes of Kanas scenic al^a based on the field survey. The results demonstrated that the landscape pattern of Kanas scenic area did not change dramatically in 13 years ,and the landscape diversity maintained at the high level. The area of sunny slope grassland （SSG） ,forest （F） and shrub grassland （SG） increased, but the increase amplitude was small. The area of build-up land （BL） saw large increase ,5 times more in 2005 than in 1992, the total increased area was equivalent to the decreased area of midmountain meadow （MM） ; The fragmentation index and patch number of alpine meadow （AM） and alpine tundra and rock vegetation （ATRV） showed a decreasing tendency. The fragmentation index and patch number of BL, MM and SSG showed an increasing tendency, and other landscape type did not change. Based on the Markov model of landscape pattern dy- namic simulation ,the changes of landscape pattern were divided into two periods： 1992 -2000 and 2000 -2005. The actuating force of landscape pattern changes was mainly natural factors from 1992 to 2000,and the influence of human disturbance on landscape pattern changes gradually in- creased from 2000 to 2005.

关 键 词：景观格局 景观动态 景观指数 马尔柯夫模型 喀纳斯景区 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理]