氮肥优化减施对土壤氮磷累积及蔬菜产量品质的影响  

Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation,Vegetable Yield and Quality Influenced by Reduction and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

作　　者：全智[1,2] 秦红灵[1] 李明德[3] 刘新亮[1,4] 朱亦君[1] 魏文学[1] 吴金水[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]湖南省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第3期103-107,112,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中科院知识创新重要方向(KZCX2-YW-437);中科院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划(KZCX2-YW-T07);国家自然科学基金(40801098)

摘　　要：针对长期不合理高化肥投入量导致城郊区菜地土壤环境恶化的现状,为探讨氮肥减施对城郊区菜地土壤氮磷累积及蔬菜产量品质的影响,应用田间小区试验,研究了长沙市郊2种不同菜地土壤中,氮肥减施20%与缓释尿素,脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂,土壤调理剂配合施用的环境和农学效应。结果表明:与常规施肥处理相比,采用缓释尿素减施20%化学氮肥(80%N(CRU))有效降低了菜地土壤Olsen-P和NO3--N的含量,减少了其面源污染风险,但该处理蔬菜可食部分容易累积硝酸盐,也增加了食用风险;通过添加脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂减施20%化学氮肥(80%N+QD),生育中期土壤NH4+-N含量和蔬菜鲜样产量分别增加了69.2%,262.0%(p<0.05)和2.5%,12.1%(p<0.05),对土壤Olsen-P、NO3--N以及可食部分硝酸盐含量影响不显著;减施20%化学氮肥配以添加土壤调理剂(80%N+SC)在2种种植年限的菜地中效果欠稳定。兼顾经济、食用风险、生态环境等效益,建议在高肥力菜地施肥实践中,氮肥减施与脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂配合施用。In order to explore soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation,vegetable yeild and quality influenced by reduction and optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application in peri-urban,two field experiments were carried out in vegetable fields to investigate the environmental and agronomic effects.N was reduced by 20% with following optimized fertilization strategies,referred to as slow-release urea（80%N（CRU））;urease/nitrification inhibitors（80%N＋QD）;soil conditioner（80%N＋SC）,respectively.The results showed that,compared with conventional fertilization strategy（CF）,the strategy of 80%N（CRU） reduced soil NO-3-N and Olsen-P effectively,while increased the NO-3 in edible parts of vegetable.The strategy of（80%N＋QD） had no significance effects on Olsen-P,NO-3-N in soil and NO-3 in edible parts,but increased soil NH＋4-N in growth medium and the fresh production in harvest obviously,69.2%,262.0%（p0.05）and 2.5%,12.1%（p0.05） respectively.However,the strategy of（80%N＋SC） was proved to be no significant in the two test fields.Considering the production,health safety and ecological benefits,it was suggested that the use of urease inhibitors/nitrification inhibitors with reduced nitrogen fertilizer should be adopted in the fertile vegetable cultivation soils.

关 键 词：缓释尿素 抑制剂 硝态氮 OLSEN-P 莴苣 花椰菜 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]