黄土旱塬施肥对土壤颗粒组成及其有效磷富集的影响研究  

Effects of Fertilization on Soil Particle Composition and Phosphorus Enrichment in Dry Highland of Loess Plateau

作　　者：陈璐[1] 党廷辉[1,2] 杨绍琼[2] 戚瑞生[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第3期151-153,159,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB121102)

摘　　要：通过田间试验与室内分析相结合的方法研究长期不同施肥处理下土壤颗粒组成及其有效磷富集。结果表明,各施肥处理土壤颗粒组成都呈现颗粒愈小比例愈高的规律,而不同施肥处理对同一粒径颗粒含量又有一定的影响。在单施磷肥(P)的基础上,配施氮肥、有机肥(NP、PM、NPM)有利于增加<0.25mm颗粒的比例,以NPM处理最为明显。长期施用有机肥改善了土壤颗粒中有效磷水平,但也提高了土壤颗粒有效磷中水溶性磷的比例。土壤中的有效磷(包括速效磷、水溶性磷)主要富集在<2mm粒径的土壤颗粒中,<0.25mm的土壤颗粒中有效磷富集率最高。氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷有机肥配施(NPM)有利于增加<0.25mm颗粒中土壤有效磷的富集,PM处理更促进土壤有效磷在0.25～2mm粒径中富集。The study on soil particle composition and enrichment of available phosphorus was conducted with a long-term fertilization field experiment and laboratory analysis methods.The results showed the smaller soil particle was,the higher the proportion of soil particles was in four fertilization treatments,but the different fertilizer treatments would influence the proportion of the same particle size.The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer,organic fertilizer on the basis of a single P application（NP、PM、NPM）,would help to increase the 0.25 mm proportion of particles,the NPM was the most obvious.The long-term application of organic fertilizer could improve available phosphorus in soil particles,in same time the proportion of the water-soluble phosphorus in available phosphorus of the soil particles may be increased.Available phosphorus in the soil（including Olsen-P,water-soluble phosphorus） mainly enriched in the 2 mm soil particles,the highest enrichment rate of available phosphorus was in 0.25 mm soil particles.The combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer（NP） or nitrogen,phosphorus and organic fertilizer（NPM） could significantly improve enrichment rate of available phosphorus in 0.25 mm soil particles,but the application of phosphorus and organic fertilizer（PM） could increase enrichment rate of available phosphorus in 0.25~2 mm soil particles.

关 键 词：土壤颗粒组成 有效磷 水溶性磷 

分 类 号：S152.3[农业科学—土壤学]