不同车型列车暑运空气质量卫生学评价  

Hygienical Evaluation of Air Quality of Different Kinds of Train in Summer Transportation

作　　者：叶绍燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]南宁铁路局疾病预防控制中心卫生科,广西壮族自治区南宁市530003

出　　处：《职业与健康》2011年第14期1599-1601,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的对不同车型列车空气质量进行卫生学评价,为列车的技术改造和管理提供科学依据。方法按国家有关标准和规范,对不同车型列车车厢中空气质量进行检测、分析和评价。结果 25 G、25 B、25 K 3种车型车厢内的平均温度均超出国家标准,风速、湿度平均值在国家标准范围内;25 G型车厢内噪声平均值超出国家标准。25 K型车厢内人工照度平均值低于其他车型,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。25 G型车厢内噪声平均值高于25 K型列车,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。25 K型车厢内PM10平均值低于25 G型列车,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同车型车厢内CO2浓度不同,25 G>25 B>25 K,两两间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);25 K型车厢内空气细菌总数高于25 B和25 G型车,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 25 K、25 B型列车车厢内空气主要污染物为PM10、噪声、细菌,25 G型车主要污染物为CO2、噪声、细菌,噪声、空气中细菌总数是3种车型列车重点控制的主要卫生指标。[Objective]To hygienically evaluate the air quality of different kinds of train,and provide scientific evidence for technical reform and management of train. [Methods]According to the national standards and norms,detection,analysis and evaluation were performed on air quality of different kinds of train. [Results]The average temperature inside 25 G,25 B,25 K carriage exceeded the national standards,while the mean values of wind speed and humidity were within the limits.The mean level of noise in 25G was over national standard.The average artificial illumination of 25 K was lower than that of other trains,the difference was significant（P0.01）.The noise level of 25 G was higher than that of 25 K with significant difference（P0.01）.The mean value of PM 10 of 25 K was lower than that of 25G with significant difference（P0.05）.The CO2 levels were different in different kinds of trains,25 G25 B25 K,the differences were all significant（all P0.01）.The total air bacterial count of 25K was higher than that of 25 B and 25 G with significant differences（P0.05）. [Conclusion]The major pollutants in train 25 K and 25 B are PM 10,noise and bacterial,while CO2,noise,bacteria,are major pollutants in 25 G.Noise,The main hygienical indicators,including noise and total air bacterial count,are the key control points in these trains.

关 键 词：不同车型 列车 暑运 空气质量 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]