沂蒙山区苹果园肥料施入特点调查分析  

Investigation on the fertilization characteristics of apple orchard in Yimeng mountainous area

作　　者：刘加芬[1] 李慧峰[1] 于婷[1] 王玉霞[1] 李芳东[1] 李林光[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《果树学报》2011年第4期558-562,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-28);山东省科技攻关项目(2008GG10009010)

摘　　要：于2009—2010年,对沂蒙山区46处苹果园肥料施入特点及养分盈亏状况进行调查分析,目的是为该区苹果园养分的科学施入提供依据。结果表明,调查区内有87.1%的果园施用了有机肥、100.0%的果园施用了复混肥、7.1%的果园施用了高氮高磷高钾复混肥;通过化肥施入氮、磷、钾素量高于有机肥的,其中施入化肥氮、磷、钾素量的平均值分别为理论需养量的160.3%,184.8%和132.0%,有机肥的分别为101.1%,143.4%和67.6%;氮、磷、钾素盈余的果园分别占调查果园总量的96.2%、100.0%和84.9%;每0.067 hm2氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)盈余量均值分别为73.9、57.6、45.1 kg;部分果园土壤明显酸化。认为生草覆草应作为提高土壤有机质的主要途径;建议养分施入应综合考虑土壤状况、树势及氮磷钾3元素在土壤中的表现特征,计算养分施入量时要考虑有机肥的养分含量;提出了沂蒙山区苹果园施肥的参考方案及减缓土壤酸化的施肥原则。The fertilization characteristics and the nutrient profit and loss in apple orchards of Yimeng Mountain area were investigated from 2009 to 2010 to provide the scientific basis for the nutrient input.The results showed that：high quality organic fertilizer was used in 87.1% orchards;compound fertilizer was used in all orchards;and compound fertilizer with high content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was used in 7.1% orchards.Both organic and chemical fertilizers were excessively used,especially the chemical fertilizer.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer accounted for 101.1%,143.4% and 67.6% of theoretical requirement respectively,and in chemical fertilizer for 160.3%,184.8% and 132.0% respectively.The orchards with nutrient surplus for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accounted for 96.2%,100.0% and 84.9% of the total survey orchards respectively,and 0.067 hm2 mean surplus of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 73.9 kg,57.6 kg and 45.1 kg respectively.The result of pH analysis indicated that the slightly acidic and neutral soil of some orchards had been acidized significantly.It was suggested that grass-growing and mulching could be used as a major approach to increase the organic matter in the soil;that soil regime,tree vigour and the performance of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the soil should be considered before fertilization;and that the nutrient content of organic fertilizer should be taken into account when the nutrient input was calculated.Meanwhile,the reference fertilizing scheme for apple orchards in Yimeng Mountain area and fertilizing principle for retarding soil acidizing progress were proposed.

关 键 词：苹果园 施肥状况 土壤养分盈亏 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]