胶基有机复混颗粒肥养分缓释特性的研究  

Characteristics of Slow-release of Felted Organic Compound Granular Fertilizer

作　　者：谢居清[1] 李彦明[1] 李国学[1] 高丹[1] 张宝莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第4期911-917,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：十一五"国家科技支撑计划"新型高效肥料创制"课题"无害化有机肥的快速生产技术"(2006BAD10B05);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划"京郊地区种养业废弃资源循环利用技术集成研究与示范"(2007BAD89BP7);重大水专项"畜禽养业废弃资源化处理技术研究与示范"(2008ZX807209-03-3)

摘　　要：采用颗粒肥的静态水浸法和动态淋溶法,研究了自行开发研制的PVA改性淀粉粘结剂和DPS-2改性淀粉粘结剂生产的有机复混颗粒肥（A、B）及传统无机粘结剂硅酸钠作为对照生产的有机复混颗粒肥（C）的养分缓释特性。试验结果表明：在静态水浸条件下,3种颗粒肥均具有缓释效果,颗粒肥A和B的缓释效果均优于颗粒肥C,以颗粒肥A的缓释效果最为显著,7d内全氮、全磷及全钾的累积溶出率分别为36.3%、4.5%及31.4%。动态的养分淋溶试验结果显示颗粒肥的养分释放速率快于静态条件下养分释放,当淋溶液为500 ml时,颗粒肥B的全氮、全磷及全钾的累积溶出率为72.3%、18.5%和69.9%,其缓释效果最优,其次是颗粒肥A和C。3种颗粒肥的养分初级溶出率和微分溶出率分别在3.2%-24.7%和0.2%d^-1-4.5%d^-1之间。由此可以看出,改性淀粉粘结剂生产的颗粒肥具有缓释效果,用它代替传统的无机粘结剂生产高浓度的胶基有机复混颗粒肥是可行的。The method of static immersion and dynamic leaching was conducted to study characteristics of slow-release of organic compound granular fertilizers A,B and C which is made out from modified starch binder and traditional inorganic binder and welled compost and chemical fertilizer.The result showed that all of three granular fertilizers had the slow-release effect in the static immersed condition,the sequence of slow-release effect was ABC,and A was the most significant,which accumulation release rates of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were 36.3%,4.5% and 31.4% respectively in 7 days.The test results of nutrient dynamic leaching showed that release rate was faster than static immersed condition,when the leaching solution was 500 ml,the effects of slow-release fertilizer B was superior to A and C,which cumulative dissolution rates of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium were 72.3%,18.5% and 69.9% respectively.While the initial dissolution rate and the differential dissolution rate of three kinds of granular fertilizer were 3.2%-24.7% and 0.2%/d-4.5%/d.So the modified starch binder has very excellent slow-release effect,which is feasible entirely to product high concentrations felted organic compound granular fertilizer instead of the traditional inorganic binder.

关 键 词：胶基有机复混颗粒肥 养分缓释 累积溶出率 粘结剂 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]