血液透析中静脉针脱出与监视报警系统  

Venous Needle Dislodgement During Hemodialysis and the Monitoring Alarm System

作　　者：高爽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第309医院血液净化中心,北京100091

出　　处：《中国医疗设备》2011年第7期93-95,共3页China Medical Devices

摘　　要：静脉针脱出(VND)所致的大失血,是血液透析中罕见但却极其严重事故。目前透析机未能及时发现失血并报警的原因,在于血透机是根据静脉压限值启动报警系统的,即在针头脱出发生危及生命的大失血时,静脉压的降低往往不足以触发声音报警,因而也就使护士或技术员得不到及时的提醒,导致无法迅速采取措施。尽管血透机厂家对静脉压限值的缺陷已提出改进方案,但对VND失血仍未能成功地进行监视与报警。目前在技术上最现实的措施是利用局部的失血监测报警装置。本文重点对当前血透机静脉压监视报警系统的功能限制的机理,以及专用的失血监测装置的研制与应用现况进行了分析讨论。Hemorrhage resulted from dislodgement of the venous needle is a rare but potentially catastrophic accident of hemodialysis.It was the venous pressure setting limits used in the protective function against blood loss of the contemporary dialysis machines that led to the failure of reliably detect the serious bleeding event.Even the life-threatening hemorrhage could occur without an audible alarm to alert the nurses or technicians to take actions immediately.Despite the attempts devoted to improve the deficiency of the venous pressure setting limits,the expected alarm system for VND is still unavailable.However,local monitors at the site of the needle for blood loss detection appear to be the promise and feasible alternatives.In this paper the mechanisms of the limitation of the function of venous pressure sensors in the alarm system was discussed,in addition to the development and application of the specific monitoring devices for detecting the blood loss associated with VND.

关 键 词：血液透析 动静脉瘘 静脉压监测 静脉针脱出 报警系统 

分 类 号：TH789[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]