淡水冰单轴受压力学特性的试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRESH WATER ICE SUBJECTED TO UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD

作　　者：张大长[1] 刘明源[1] 包涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学土木工程学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《工程力学》2011年第7期238-244,共7页Engineering Mechanics

摘　　要：该文通过淡水冰的系列单轴抗压试验研究,探讨了加载速率、冰试件尺寸、试件横截面形状以及加载接触面对冰强度和压应力-应变关系的影响;试验研究和理论分析表明:在高径比小于2时,相同截面尺寸冰试件的抗压强度随构件高度的增加而提高,当高径比大于2时,强度变化不明显;随着截面尺寸加大,相同高径比试件强度稍有下降,即具有一定的尺寸效应;不同接触面特性对强度的影响不大;试件截面形状对冰的抗压强度影响较小,而弹性模量对试件形状比较敏感。另外,冰的抗压强度具有方向性,晶粒生长方向强度较高。In this paper,a series of uniaxial compressive tests of ice were carried out,and the effects on ice compressive strength and stress-strain relationship of loading rate,specimen dimensions,section shapes and loading contact-face were investigated.Based on the above tests and analyses,the following conclusions were drawn： when the height-diameter ratio of specimen is smaller than two,the compressive strength of ice increases with the increase of height,and keeps almost constant when the height-diameter ratio exceeds two;the ice strength has size-effect,that is,the specimen strength decreases with the increase of sectional area,and the contact-face has no effect on strength;the sectional shape has some effects on elastic modulus,but no effect on strength;the ice compressive strength depends on loading direction,and is lager along the crystal grain.

关 键 词：冰 应力-应变关系 尺寸效应 加载速率 破坏模式 

分 类 号：TB301[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB321