保护地土壤N_2O排放通量特征研究  

Studies on the fluxes of nitrous oxide from greenhouse vegetable soil

作　　者：武其甫[1] 武雪萍[1,2] 李银坤[1] 吴会军[1,2] 闫鹏[3] 张彦才[4] 李若楠[4] 王丽英[4] 王小彬[1,2] 蔡典雄[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与肥料重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [4]河北省农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,河北石家庄500514

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2011年第4期942-948,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,2007CB109305)项目资助

摘　　要：为研究保护地土壤N2O排放通量特征,于2009年8~12月,在河北辛集不施氮（N0）、当地习惯施氮（N900）及减量施氮（N675）处理下的秋冬季番茄保护地土壤上使用静态箱采集、气相色谱仪检测的方法测定了土壤N2O排放通量。得到以下研究结果：灌溉施肥后,各处理N2O平均排放通量与表层土壤硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关关系。灌溉施肥后7 d内是施氮处理土壤N2O主要排放期,其排放量占当季总排放量的55.9%~59.8%;高峰值一般出现在第3~5 d,此时的土壤含水量对硝化、反硝化作用都较适宜。8~10月份由于温度较高,N2O排放通量明显高于较冷的11~12月。8~10月份施氮是影响保护地土壤N2O排放的主导因素,减少施氮量显著降低了N2O排放量;之后温度是主导因素,此时N2O排放量受追施氮量的影响较小。经估算,保护地秋冬季番茄不同施氮处理N2O总排放量的大小顺序为N900（N 5.304 kg/hm2）〉N675（N 3.616 kg/hm2）〉N0（N 0.563 kg/hm2）,差异显著,N675比N900处理降低了31.8%的N2O排放量;N675和N900处理的N2O排放系数分别为0.45和0.53。This study was conducted to determine the effect of different N fertilization rates on N2O emissions from a loamy fluvo-aquic soil in North China Plain in 2009.Fluxes of N2O were measured on greenhouse cropped with tomatoes（Lycopersicon esculentum） with split application of 675 or 900 kg/ha N from Aug 7th to Dec 25th.An unfertilized plot planted with tomatoes as control was also set up.The results indicated that total emission increased with the N application rate.The mean N2O emission rate from the differently management plots was closely correlated to the mean soil nitrate content in surface soil after topdressing（R2=0.810）.The peak of N2O emission generally occurred within 3-5 days after N application,and more than 50 percent of total N2O emissions occurred over the first 7 days after fertilization.The N emission from the unfertilized treatment was N 0.56 kg/ha.Total N2O emission from the fertilized crops for the low and the conventional rates of N fertilization were N 3.616 and 5.304 kg/ha,respectively.The high N2O emissions from greenhouse tomatoes plots were due to high N2O losses from the fertilized treatments during the summer and early autumn（Aug,Sept and Oct） and high soil nitrate contents after the N application.The reduction of N fertilization resulted in decreased N2O emissions during the warmly period.However,the emissions during the winter were not affected by the rate of N fertilization.The results show that the N application management in greenhouse had a great influence on the N2O emissions.It also affected the emissions per unit N fertilizer applied（low and the conventional rates of N fertilization were 0.45 and 0.53）.

关 键 词：N2O 保护地菜地土壤 氮肥 灌溉 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]