格罗夫山冰原岛峰高程测定  

DETERMINATION OF THE ELEVATION OF NUNATAKS IN THE GROVE MOUNTAINS

作　　者：王泽民[1] 艾松涛[1] 张胜凯[1] 杜玉军[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国南极测绘研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《极地研究》2011年第2期77-81,共5页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：中国极地科学战略研究基金项目"南极冰原裂隙及冰盖运动信息提取与定量分析(20080102)";国家863计划课题"基于多源遥感数据的东南极PANDA断面冰貌环境信息提取及监测研究(2009AA12Z133)"资助

摘　　要：南极内陆格罗夫山地区冰原上坐落着64座冰原岛峰,它们绝大多数的高程都未被直接测定。2010年中国第26次南极科学考察格罗夫山分队,通过精密测绘方法测定了梅森峰、威尔逊岭的高程,并发现梅森峰是格罗夫山地区的最高峰。由于梅森峰、威尔逊岭四壁陡峭,难以攀登,为确保测量的精确性,首先在梅森峰附近的冰面上选取了3个基准点,采用GPS技术测定其精确地理位置,然后在这3个基准点上架设精密经纬仪,通过测角前方交会和三角高程测量的方法,从3个方向确定了梅森峰、威尔逊岭的准确高程,解决了地理学上一直存疑的梅森峰、威尔逊岭的大地高程问题。该结果不仅是南极地学考察的重要依据,也可作为南极测绘高精度控制点,并为南极遥感成图提供高精度位置标定。同时还对影响三角高程测量精度的主要因素,如折光系数k值的确定,观测图形、观测距离等对测量精度的影响进行深入探讨。There are many exposed nunataks in the Grove Mountains of inland Antarctica,and the majority of those elevations have not been measured yet.The elevations of Mason Peak and Wilson Ridge were precisely determined by the Grove Team of CHINARE-26 in 2010.The Mason Peak turned out to be the highest point of the Grove Mountains.Considering that the Mason Peak and Wilson Ridge are difficult to climb because of their cragginess,we firstly selected three control points on the ice surface near the Mason Peak and positioned them with GPS.Thus,the accurate elevations of Mason Peak and Wilson Ridge were calculated from three directions using forward intersection and trigonometric leveling by setting a precision theodolite on the chosen control points.It has solved the puzzle of their geodetic heights in geography.The result provides highly precise control points for Antarctic surveying and mapping.This paper elaborates how to measure and calculate the elevation of the mountains,and analyzes the principal elements that influence the accuracy of trigonometric leveling such as determination of the refraction coefficient k,the observing structure and distance.

关 键 词：南极格罗夫山 梅森峰 威尔逊岭 三角高程测定 GPS 测角前方交会 

分 类 号：P224[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]