中国第26次南极科学考察航线上空水溶性气溶胶化学成分特征研究  

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS OF MARINE AEROSOLS COLLECTED ON THE ROUTE OF THE 26th CHINESE NATIONAL ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION

作　　者：徐国杰[1,2] 陈立奇[1,2] 张远辉[1,2] 汪建君[1,2] 李伟[1,2] 林奇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室,福建厦门361005 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《极地研究》2011年第2期98-107,共10页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金："南极中山站大气铅污染的同位素示踪研究"(40676062);国家社会公益专项"台湾海峡大气污染物的输入及海洋生态效应"(2004DIB5J178);国际科技合作项目"中美海洋碳循环研究和海水加铁试验技术"(2009DFA22920);国家财政部国际极地年中国行动计划专项;国家863项目极区大气环境遥感监测技术(2008AA121703);国家海洋局极地考察办公室对外合作支持项目"中美合作开展北冰洋酸化研究"(IC2010013)和"中美合作南大洋大气铁输入海洋通量研究"(IC201114)资助

摘　　要：利用我国第26次南极考察航线上所采集到的气溶胶样品,分析了各水溶性离子组分的浓度、组成及存在形式。采用多种数理统计方法对各离子成分特征及其来源进行了分析。结果显示:阴阳离子总和接近于1,表明航线上空主要阴阳离子具有海洋气溶胶的代表性;C l-、Na+、SO24-、NO-3、Mg2+是航线上最主要的离子组分,其中(Na++C l-)的贡献约75%,说明海盐颗粒物仍然是海洋大气气溶胶的最主要成分,其次为硫酸盐气溶胶;对于二次气溶胶各离子组分,其可能存在的形式为NH4NO3、NH4HSO4、(NH4)2SO4。进一步计算发现海盐离子浓度在40°S以南出现高值,这可能与风速有关,而MSA的浓度由低纬向高纬呈现出升高的趋势,其浓度可能与气温以及南大洋海水藻类新陈代谢所释放硫化物有关。二次气溶胶NH+4以及NO3-浓度主要受到陆地长距离输送的控制以及人类活动的影响。二次气溶胶非海盐硫酸盐(nss-SO24-)在开阔大洋及南大洋地区的浓度均较低,而在大陆边缘海域nss-SO24-的浓度较高。航线上各可溶性离子来源特征是:C l-、B r-、Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+主要来自海洋源,F-、NO-3、NH4+主要来自污染源,甲基磺酸(MSA)主要来自海洋生物释放源,特别需要指出,SO24-同时受到海洋源和污染源的影响,这更加说明了区分开ss-SO24-与nss-SO42-的自然源和人为源对于生物地球化学气候评估模型的重要意义。Aerosol samples collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition were analyzed for the concentration,composition and forms of selected ions.The sources of all ions were explored.The results show that Cl-,Na＋,SO2-4,NO-3 and Mg2＋ were the major ion components,with Na＋ and Cl-accounting for ~75% of all ions.Sea salt particles were the primary aerosols,and sulfate aerosol was the second major aerosol component.Ammonium as a secondary aerosol existed in the forms of NH4NO3,NH4HSO4 and（NH4）2SO4.According to calculations,anions and cations had an equilibrium relationship,for which the slope of linear regression was close to 1.The sea salt concentrations peaked at 40°S,which may correlate with wind speed.The concentrations of MSA increased from low latitudes to high latitudes,possibly because of temperature change and the emission of the algae in the Southern Ocean.The concentrations of NO-3 and NH＋4 were generally affected by the distance from continents and anthropogenic activity,while the nss-SO2-4 had low concentrations in the open ocean and Southern Ocean and high concentrations over the adjacent sea.Correlation analysis and factor analysis were employed to investigate possible sources of these ions.The results show that Cl-,Br-,Na＋,K＋,Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ had mostly marine sources;F-,NO-3 and NH＋4 had mostly anthropogenic sources;methane sulfonic acid（MSA） had mostly marine biogenic sources;and SO2-4 had both marine and anthropogenic sources.Therefore separating ss-SO2-4 and nss-SO2-4 is important for climate evaluation models.

关 键 词：海洋气溶胶 可溶性离子 非海盐硫酸盐 MSA 南大洋 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]