高位虾池养殖后期浮游微藻群落结构特征  

Study on microalgae community structure and its relationship with environment factors in the shrimp ponds during the later phases of culture period

作　　者：刘孝竹[1] 曹煜成[1] 李卓佳[1] 文国樑[1] 李奕雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2011年第3期84-91,共8页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：现代农业(虾)产业技术体系建设专项资金(NYCYTX-46);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD13B10);南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研专项(2010YD05);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103034);国家自然科学基金(30800851);广东省自然科学基金(10151030002000008);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项(A200901B02);广东省鱼病防治专项(2130108);广东省科技计划(2010B02039001)共同资助

摘　　要：2008年7月1~15日,在广东省红海湾对虾养殖区域选取3口养殖84~98 d的高位池,对养殖水体浮游微藻和常规水质因子进行每天1次采样分析。共检出浮游微藻6门25种,其中绿藻10种,硅藻两种,甲藻7种,裸藻4种,蓝藻1种,金藻1种。浮游微藻细胞数量介于5.13×108~4.01×109ind/L,生物量为42.92~181.73 mg/L,数量多样性指数平均为1.01~1.30,生物量多样性指数平均为1.83~2.27。优势种主要是蛋白核小球藻和绿色颤藻,二者的优势度之和高达90%,控制着浮游微藻总数量的变动趋势。从各门藻类生物量对总生物量贡献多少来看,对虾高位池养殖后期是以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为优势类群而组成的浮游微藻群落结构。Investigations were conducted on the microalgae community in high-level prawn ponds of Litopenaeus annamei.A total of 26 microalgae species were identified during the period of investigation.Of these,10 species were Chlorophyta,7 were Pyrrophyta,4 were Euglenophyta,2 each were Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta,and 1 was Chrysophyceae.In high-level prawn ponds,Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Oscillatoria chlorine were the dominant species in the later phases of the culture period,contributing more than 90% of the total microalgae.The number of microalgae was in the range of 5.13×108~4.01×109 ind/L,biomass 42.92~181.73 mg/L.The averages of Shannon-Wiener index and biomass diversity index were 1.01~1.30 and 1.83~2.27,respectively.The three dominant groups of phytoplankton（Cyanophyta,Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta） consisted of phytoplankton community structure in the final culture phases.

关 键 词：对虾养殖 高位池 浮游微藻 优势种 多样性 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]