高海拔地区室内富氧浓度安全试验研究  

Experiment Study on the Security of Oxygen Concentration in Oxygen Enrichment of Room Air at High Altitude

作　　者：刘应书[1] 杨雄[1] 李永玲[1] 张辉[1] 刘文海[1] 沈民[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [2]青藏铁路公司劳动和卫生部,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2011年第3期474-480,共7页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAC07B01)

摘　　要：室内富氧可以改善人在高海拔地区的缺氧状况,同时也会带来火灾危险,室内富氧的安全控制已成为重要的研究课题.文章对高海拔地区室内环境富氧条件下滤纸的燃烧速度和安全富氧浓度上限进行了试验研究,并对高海拔地区的富氧安全问题进行了分析.结果表明,在不同海拔地区,室内环境维持相同的氧分压时,滤纸的燃烧速度会随着海拔的升高而显著增加,如果不考虑当地的海拔高度而只以氧分压作为参考会带来火灾危险,但存在富氧的安全氧浓度上限,该氧浓度上限值与环境压力的关系为Y=27.91×exp(-P/44.78)+20.09;海拔不同,富氧到安全氧浓度上限时所对应的相当海拔也不同,该相当海拔与实际海拔的关系为H’=-0.68841+0.63893H+0.0048H2;在海拔高度低于5.55km的地区,通过对室内环境富氧可以安全地将相当海拔降低到3km以下.Oxygen enrichment of room air at high altitude can improve the situation of hypoxia,but it may bring fire hazard,the security control of oxygen enrichment has become an important research topic.In this paper,the burning rate of filter paper and the maximum safe concentrations in oxygen-enriched atmospheres at high altitude were studied experimentally,and security issue of oxygen enrichment in high altitude were discussed.The results show that the burning rate increases significantly with increasing altitude under a constant partial pressure of oxygen.It shows that it will bring fire hazard if we enrich the oxygen concentration only considering the partial pressure of oxygen;but there are maximum safe concentrations for oxygen enrichment of room air at high attitude.The relationship between the maximum safe concentrations and barometric pressure is given by Y=27.91×exp（-P/44.78）＋20.09.At different altitudes,there is a equivalent altitude corresponds to the maximum safe oxygen concentration,and the equivalent altitudes is given by H＇=-0.68841＋0.63893H＋0.0048H2.Below the extreme altitude of 5.55km,the equivalent altitude can be reduced to less than 3km without bring in fire hazrd.

关 键 词：室内环境富氧 安全氧浓度 高海拔 相当海拔 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]