未来时间距离对自我行为表征的影响:评价内容效价的作用  

The Effect of Future Temporal Distance on Self-Behavioral Representation:The Role of Valence of the Content of Evaluation

作　　者：张锋[1] 申之美[1] 钟丽丹[1] 牛忠辉[1] 邱俊杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学心理学系,宁波315211

出　　处：《应用心理学》2011年第1期43-48,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学一般项目(10YJAXJX024)

摘　　要：先前研究表明,对于自我行为,相对于近期过去,个体对远期过去正性行为的表征更倾向于特质性和抽象性,但对负性行为的表征未获得明确的类似效应(申之美等,2010)。本研究以特质性和行动性行为描述句子为实验材料,通过两个实验考察了未来时间距离对自我正性行为和负性行为的表征特征的影响,以进一步探讨评价内容的效价特性对于建构水平的心理距离效应的调节作用。实验结果发现,相对于近期未来,被试对远期未来自我的正性行为更倾向于抽象的特质性表征,但在负性行为上未获得类似效应。个体对未来自我行为的正性期待和负性回避倾向可能是自我行为表征缺乏距离效应的心理机制。Previous study （ Shen, 2010） based on Constmal level theory（CLT;Liberman ＆ Trope,2008;Tmpe ＆ Liberman,2010） showed that individuals constructed more abstract representations of their positive behaviors in the distant past compared to in the near past, while there was no difference in the representation of nega- tive behaviors. The present study adopted both trait and act descriptions as the materials to investigate the effect of future temporal distance on self-behavioral representation （both positive and negative）, and to further verify the generalization and reliability of theprevious finding. The result showed a consistent find- ing with the previous one that individuals constructed more abstract representations of their positive behav- iors in a distant future than in a near future, while there was no temporal distance difference in the nega- tive self-behavioral representations. It was discussed in term of individual＇ s expectation of future positive behaviors and avoidance of negative behaviors.

关 键 词：时间距离 建构水平 自我行为表征 评价效价 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]