水土流失区农户燃料选择及效益  

Farmers' Fuel Choices and Economics in a Soil and Water Loss Region

作　　者：毕安平[1] 朱鹤健[1] 王德光[1] 岳辉 马天华 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学自然资源研究中心,福建福州350007 [2]福建省长汀县水土保持局,福建长汀360063 [3]福建省长汀县国家调查队,福建长汀360063

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2011年第3期149-154,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"基于尺度理论的典型红壤侵蚀区生态恢复与重建机理研究"(40871141)

摘　　要：采集薪柴是导致植被破坏引发水土流失的主要因素之一。从实证和理论两个方面分析了长汀县农户燃料的选择行为,发现1960s—2000s,长汀县农户商品燃料无论是实物消耗量比重还是有效热值比重都显著上升,且有效热值比重较实物消耗量比重上升更快。燃料替代措施对政府而言是低成本的水土流失治理措施,农户则因劳动力机会成本上升出现燃料替代的净收益。调查的3种燃料组合对薪柴替代的经济效益依次为"沼气+电">"蜂窝煤+电">"液化气+电"。从理论上分析了采集薪柴的综合成本、农户燃料选择及典型替代过程,强调了人为调控因子对燃料替代及水土流失治理的作用。Firewood collection,which reduces vegetation cover,is one of the primary reasons causing soil erosion.We studied farmers＇ fuel selection behavior based on field surveys as well as theoretical analyses,and found that the proportion of farmers＇ commercial fuel consumption has increased significantly both in terms of fuel materials and total thermal values in Changting County from 1960s to 2000s,with the latter increased faster than the former.Fuel substitution is not only a low-cost soil erosion controlling measure for government,but also a source of net income for rural households due to increases in labor opportunity cost（e.g.,farmers can make more money working in a manufactory than collecting firewood）.The profit margins of using three surveyed fuel substitution schemes over the firewood decreased from ＂biogas electricity＂ to ＂honeycomb briquette electricity＂ to ＂liquefied petroleum gas（LPG） electricity＂.Further theoretical analysis of comprehensive cost of firewood collection,farmers＇ fuel choice,and typical fuel substitution process shows that government intervention is an important factor in moving forward the fuel substitution and controlling soil erosion.

关 键 词：农户燃料替代 机会成本 水土流失区 长汀县 

分 类 号：F323.214[经济管理—产业经济]