黄淮海双季玉米产量性能与资源效率的研究  

Yield Performance and Resource Efficiency of Double-cropping Maize in the Yellow,Huai and Hai River Valleys Region

作　　者：李立娟[1,3] 王美云[2] 薛庆林[3] 崔彦宏[3] 侯海鹏[1] 葛均筑[1] 赵明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [3]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第7期1229-1234,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD0000);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB118605)资助

摘　　要：冬小麦-夏玉米一直是黄淮海两熟区的主要种植模式,近年来由于气候变化,冬季冻害和干旱时有发生,为了充分发挥玉米C4作物高光效、高资源利用效率的特点,探索了双季玉米的新型种植模式。于2009年和2010年在河南新乡以冬小麦-夏玉米传统种植为对照,进行了双季籽粒玉米产量性能与资源效率测定,结果表明,双季玉米与传统冬小麦-夏玉米模式相比,周年产量略高,两年平均增幅2.3%;周年光、温生产效率平均增加26.1%和6.5%,周年经济效益显著增加,平均为1628元hm?2,还有140d农田休闲期。说明双季玉米模式是光温生产效率高、经济效益好的高效和简化的种植模式,也是一种有利于土壤休闲和避开冬季冻害和干旱的生态安全的模式,该模式将成为黄淮海地区长期冬小麦/夏玉米模式的补充,也是冬小麦冬季受灾的一种补救技术。The winter wheat-summer maize relay system is the main cropping system in the Yellow,Huai and Hai River Valleys region.In recent years,because of climate changing,the winter freezing and drought have occurred frequently.To take full advantage of high photosynthetic and high resource utilization efficiency of C4 crop,we explored the double-cropping maize system.The experiment was conducted in Xinxiang,Henan province in 2009 and 2010 growing seasons,comparing the grain yield performance and resource efficiency between double cropping maize and the winter wheat-summer maize cropping system.The results showed that the annual yield of double cropping maize was slightly high,the average yield of two years increased by 2.3%;annual light energy and temperature production efficiency increased by 26.1% and 6.5% respectively;the economic benefit increased by 1 628 Yuan ha？1 and there was a farmland fallow of 140 days.It illuminated that the double-cropping maize systems with facilitating soil fallow and avoiding winter freezing injure and drought were of high light and temperature efficiency,good economic efficiency,simplified planting patterns,and ecological security model,which will supplement winter wheat-summer maize model,and also remedy winter wheat loss in the Yellow,Huai and Hai River Valleys regions.

关 键 词：双季玉米 种植模式 产量性能 资源效率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]