不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究  

Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Matter Production of Rice with Different Planting Methods under High-yielding Cultivation Condition

作　　者：李杰[1] 张洪程[1] 常勇[1] 龚金龙[1] 郭振华[1] 戴其根[1] 霍中洋[1] 许轲[1] 魏海燕[1] 高辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第7期1235-1248,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAD02A03);超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项);江苏省科技支撑计划重大项目(BE2008355;BE2009425)资助

摘　　要：为探明不同种植方式水稻在长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下的干物质及光合生产特征,以早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳3种类型水稻品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻两种)为材料,对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻的干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明:(1)不同种植方式水稻产量与总干物质积累量和抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量呈极显著正相关,与拔节至抽穗期的干物质积累量(在确保抽穗期干物质积累量适宜的前提下)也呈极显著正相关,与播种至拔节期干物质积累量和收获指数相关不显著;(2)群体干物重拔节前无明显差异,拔节后均是手栽稻最高,机插稻次之,直播稻最小,并随生育进程差异越来越大,而单茎干物重整个生育期都是手栽稻最大,直播稻最小;(3)阶段干物质积累上,播种至拔节期差异较小,拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期都是手栽稻极显著高于机插稻,机插稻极显著高于直播稻,占总干物重的比例播种至拔节期手栽、机插、直播依次增大,拔节至抽穗期大体相当,抽穗至成熟期依次降低;(4)干物质分配上,成熟期穗和茎干物重占总干物重的比例手栽、机插、直播依次降低,而叶和鞘的比例依次增大,但叶的比例在孕穗、抽穗、蜡熟3个时期手栽、机插、直播依次降低;(5)物质输出和转化上,叶、茎物质输出率和转化率手栽、机插、直播依次降低,且蜡熟期后茎都有物质回运现象,手栽回运的最多,直播最少;鞘物质输出率相当,转化率手栽和机插低于直播;(6)光合生产上,拔节前不同种植方式水稻叶面积指数相当,光合势手栽、机插、直播依次降低,群体生长率和净同化率依次增大;拔节至抽穗期,光合势也是依次降低,群体生长率和净同化率差异较小;抽穗期有效叶面积率不同�To explore the characteristics of dry matter production and photosynthesis of rice under different planting methods in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River,with early-maturing late japonica rice,late-maturing medium japonica rice and medium-maturing medium japonica rice（including japonica conventional rice and japonica hybrid rice） as materials,we compared the dry matter accumulation,distribution,translocation and leaf area,photosynthetic potential（PP）,crop growth rate（CGR） and net assimilation rate（NAR） of rice by using precision artificial transplanting with middle and strong seedlings grown in dry nursery（ATR）,mechanical transplanting with small seedlings（MTR） and direct seeding（DSR）.Results showed that：（1） Rice yield by using different planting methods was significantly positively correlated with total dry matter accumulation at maturity,dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity,and dry matter accumulation from jointing to heading under the premise of ensuring the dry matter accumulation appropriate at heading,but not with dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and the harvest index.（2） For dry matter weight of population,there was no significant difference among the three planting methods before jointing,after jointing ATR was the highest,followed by MTR,DSR was the lowest,and the difference was increasing with the growing process.However,the dry matter weight per stem of ATR was the highest,while that of DSR was the lowest in the whole growth period.（3） For dry matter accumulation at different stages,there was no significant difference among the three planting methods from sowing to jointing,but ATR was significantly higher than MTR,MTR was significantly higher than DSR at the stages from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity.The ratio to total dry matter weight increased in turn for ATR,MTR,DSR from sowing to jointing,there was no many difference among them from jointing to heading,and reduced in turn for them from he

关 键 词：水稻 种植方式 高产栽培 干物质生产特征 光合生产特征 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]